Folkscanomy Electronics Articles: W1FB QRP Notebook

187 Pages·2014·12.63 MB·English

MO
00
By Doug DeMaw W1FB
.
By Doug DeMaw, W1FB
Published by the
AMERICAN RADIO RELAY LEAGUE
225 Main Street
Nevrington, CT 06111
Foreword
ARAL and Doug DeUaw luvfl ancouragM ORP operation and QRP oporators
kr many yearSi Togather. the League and DeMaw have published many articles
and boota ol interest to QRP enthusiasts, in July of 1991 Ifta Board of Directors
I ARPL voted unanlmousfy to recognize and congratulate, Doug DeWsw, W1FB,
lor hia manycontributions lo Amalaur Radio. A brtal history of Doug'scareer Js
printed on III? back cover of this bookr
Many ol you. no doubt purchasad the firslodWon of lhw ORP Notebook. Tbal
bock wae ttia fnt in what was Id become a series- Of HobiboOka prOparH by
Doug at his horn* In Michigan. We are very pleased to publish this second,
cqmptelBly fBYiBed, adibon-
Hffiether you are new toORP or an old hand at It, you should find circuits and
Haas or Interest in this edition In rawing the loreword to the first edition, IVa
decided that the Una* two paragraphs, repented below, ere as true today aa th*y
were then.
ExparliMfltation and low-poweroperating go hand Jn hand. Construction of a
oomplal* modem transceiver is a major undertaking, but some ol the circuits In
this book can be puttOQsihar m an evening Ora waefcertd hOm afew dollars'
worth of partsP Once built, the equvment cen be tested end improved as your
understanding and sklP grow. Manyolihe simplercircuits can be used later as
parts of more complex prefaces.
We hop* that this book win encourage you lo pick up the soldering Iron and
give one of the circuits a fry- Experience firsthand the thrill ora contactwith
equipmentyou butt.
David Surnner K1ZZ
3
Executive Vice President
Newingtoci, CofinactiDul
September i«1
F/H»fWf*: The pricestorpartsand OtherItems mentioned in thia boohwareaccurala
whenthebaokwas published Please chockwrth thesuppllarbelore sending money, as
all prices are sub|ecttochange.
Errfltft
Page FigJVo. Description
56 3-15 Li should be labeled L2
126 4-13 Q5 and Q6 are shown baefcward; theflat stdeshould be to the right
Cll should belabeledCia
Table of Contents
1— QRP
Chapter Introduction to 1
—
QRP
Chapter 2 Construction Methods 10
3— QRP
Chapter Receivers for 25
—
Chapter A QRP Transmitters & Techniques 98
—
QRP
Chapter 5 Accessories 147
6— &
Chapter Technical Bits Pieces 157
Index 173
The Code
Amateur's
The Radio Amateur
is:
CONSIDERATE never knowingly operates in such a way as to lessen
. . .
the pleasure of others.
LOYAL. .offers loyalty, encouragement and support to other amateurs,
.
local clubs, and the American Radio Relay League, through which
Amateur Radio In the United States is represented nationally and
Internationally.
PROGRESSIVE. .with knowledge abreast of science, a well-built and
.
efficient station and operation above reproach.
FRIENDLY. .slow and patient operating when requested; friendly
advice and counsel to the beginner; kindly assistance, cooperation and
consideration for the interests of others. These are the hallmarks of the
amateur
spirit.
—
BALANCED
radio is an avocation, never interfering with duties owed
to family, Job, school, or community.
—
PATRIOTIC station and skill always ready for service to country and
community.
—The original Amateur's Code was written by Paul M. Segal, W9EEA, in 1928.-
A
-
US Cuilomary—Metric Conversion Factors
frrtwTwfiDr* SyiftrtTofU*Ss {SI}—At—onic Units US Cusftwnajy
rrflTW UPiiiLJntLiir|t_nfni*^aAificuliMi EriirkljnMr
«ptm1keeilebartngaaa TGEPMk 111wI00CD»''11'**a ™- 1 W—0J1mmMX—0j—0B0J01L J0ma0LU0J0LoL0j01AL J0oWlB0-Uk0oJ0llOU|0o01BlBH J0000lB0LU00000#T^000001At i0F00Q0DW0W00U0Ol0i00O0T 1311186rsntoii&adnnLtucclu=hholne*?mus*5rmt{mi<itliUne)3lnytatf--ri-Hd1*1l&f7--o06o70tI61f(yffl1aytf)1raedr5fsd4H&(t=ylde)5erEfiO feat
h*cto h HP 100 Am
de{cuanit) da 1100'° 101 11 Tytd*2--1944n2In2 t 2W m?
dennnu*uealncclntrlioio- dcmn i110oQ---«'a 0.00O0-0000000.0000.00000.11111 1111 faamoenielrnfeoa2=-=-M41656t440t00ryaoyedddn322ra- 43 560ft*
pico P io-'= 0-000000000001 volum
fBofntrOto ta i1o0-'"* l^WO0.0O0O0O0O0OOOCOHO»OOODOOOOOOO1l 11 tytd3*-=12772f6t5In*
LIMIT cmMm Liquid Vofcim* Mtuure
1 metre (Am)W= 100 |cml- 1DQ0 mtflmeirBe (mm) 1 fluid Dunce (fl 0z| - 8 tluldriffla - 1.004 In3
1 pint4jri) = 16 floz
1 m* - 1 k 104 cma - 1 * 10* mm2 11 qguaaJrktn((qgaql)-2-p4tq-l3-£flozIn3- 57*4 in9
Vohimt -
1 m* = 1 m IC* ern3 - 1 * 10* mm* 1 barrel gel
1 litre ft - 1000 cm* = 1 a 10s mm3 Dry VoluM* HHtur*
Hnt 1 quart (Oft - * P-nta (pi) - 87_5 in*
1 k(Aipoi^praomxim(akig}e+y=xth1e0m0a0sSsrfeilmS1 (Sgt)naol wltsr) 11 pb*ucs*h.el--5 4 pttfcfl - 2 1»42 In3
1 nWtfle ton (0* Iwnei - 1 000 kg AvaHupoUW«igh1
1 *im fljr) - 27.343 grafciH (or) or (gr n)
t Dunc*|oi) - 437,5 gr
1 pound flb) = 16 07- 7 000 gr
1 short ion - 2 ooo lb. 1 long ion - 2 240 ft
TroyWeight
1 grain troy |grt) m. i grain ewlrdupra
i pefwirweigni (Avtior{put) - 24 gr r
1 ounce hoy (oz r) -= 4fl0grains
1 Itt - 12 CH t - & TOO grama
ApOthCCWiH1 WBlflht
1 grain epothucam1 {gr ap) - 1 gr t - l gr a
1 dram aptfr ep> - 00 gr
lozap-iozt-Bdrap*
460
a*
1lbep=Llfct=12Oztfxx5760gr
-
Multiply
MtlrtC Unll d GonYeraion Factor x. US Customary Unit
Divide
Metric Unit + Ccnvaralofi Factor = US Cu*tomary Unit
Conversion Conversion
M-BlnC Unil Factor x US Unit Metric Unit = Factof x US Unit
(Length) [Volume)
mm 25.4 mth mm* &387.0&4 in*
ctn 2-5* inch cm3 1&3&T in*
cm M^B iQQl m^ WHesi& fl1
m
loot rrr^ 0.764555 yd*
m
0.3144 part mml 1B.3B7 in*
km 1.600 mile 53 ST fl oz
km 1.8H nautical mile ml 473 p|n|
(Ar*a» ml quart
mm2 64516 28 32 It^
cm2 6 4516 ir>2 0463 quart
cm? 920 03 fl* 3 785 jallon
m? f|2 1.101 dry quart
cm-2 8361.3 yd* 8_8u"9 P4CK
m* C8M13 yd* 33:23fl buahel
mi 4547 acre Wa=l (Troy Waigtirt
krn3 260 mi5 W
a 31 103 t
(Mtt-J} avoirdupois Welflrirl 373J4S lb I
grams grains
a oz rApolhecflf1eBp Weight)
o 453-5& lb 3.367 dr ap
81.103 czap
0.45350 lb
tonne 907 abort Ion 37324fi lb ap
tonne 016 bong ton
1
Symbols Used Schematic Diagrams
in
^PHOTO N»J- ^LrT-rTA-rcn JR—ECE JJJJST'fllE FK^EIhC
PaED PCufllZED
METERS
O
EL£ClfrOL^TiC '-'akIaElE
FEfiKITE-FJE*D TAPPED
CAP*CITWS +-v. -ny.
RESISTORS INDUCTORS K mA. ^A
BATTERIES
5FST iEFDT KiCflfcJAlIvCfCW
r^>^ -j-
Q O O
TWILL &JnGLF pAJLTI
;c#j&ll:t£ih& "cwdl^tgae. ^ielied op. eo^qalcagle CfcLL
NCfiUALLf
GROUNDS
n n
I
fctJLTlP^hn h^HT^r a-aNaLCC
THERMO-
WIRING SWITCHES
J ADJJ&TUiLE ADJUSTABLE
&4DLGTANCE ffl&FLHL Y.
LEU [uB#j UAfJtCJCftJE i^Jc^C" UJ^JJ AMIE^>. FlJ*£
VAftUBLE rrm r^ro
CAPACITY rprfi
NH1E Euum
art RECTF1ER wrm cere *ith uw GHY3T*L
3 4*0-
rrm T
™ ASSEUBLYuq
5-pinceramic mc&jle
P"A£ DIODES fD#1 TRANSFORMERS PEEOTaTC*: u {-5TMFR THaN IZ)
MISCELLANEOUS
FHF P-DHAIWEL P-CHANNEL P-^HAJtf4D_ P-CHaNMEL P-iCHAHWEL
-©'-©::-©:: AMD HAND
:=©:: .-St
5 o
NGfl
NFN N-CHaN*1E1. 1—CWJflMEL n-CHAwhEl N-EHmflEL
-©C ~@:
f -©=:
AWCTICH FET EttGiE-SATE 5h6l£-i^TE S£hUiTT
DEPLETIONMODE ENHjUCWENTMCT£ _lT
TRANSISTORS H05FET LOGIC(Ufl
DPOT «nEPTA4. GGHHEGTKWS F+IONE MX PMhEFUJG
CCTJTAtTS EOAHaLCmHECTCR?
^*A1£
MALE
t Lf- AMP ^ FEMALE
S™* 3 INTEGRATED
CIRCUITS
RELAY5 "?40VFEh^lT
MDVaHL£ f y 1
uiJLTfU.
I >WDE HEaIER- Lfi
FA aUFnT sflJJhJII
—— uRIC' ** ^RLLEC FFiAj WALE CHP.TW5«i-5L-WLNT
TP.ICOE ^EHTTH ^
CaTHKC
IMC^«SiXHT i.immi::^
TUBES Cwn GGNNIU>
IAWPS DEFlElTIC+JPlaTF2 CONNECTCfrS
AUTHOR MESSAGE AND ACKNMILEDGEKENTS
prepare for my retirement from article and book writing I
fwliashI to enclose these thoughts with what may be my last effort
mavt OsRhParaidngvenwtiutrhesyosuo mtehmeoreaxbpleer.ienIfcesI waenrde caisrkceudittso tohfafterha^veelngle
st-tement of encouragement to the body of amateurs, worldwid«el,
it would be something like thi™s*:erHc*i*aelan^e«ffoPr^t"'to »ahvo«id«».Jlii.S
complacency. Don't rely on =
„mDiJt1trer«sMatnidirrecSetiavteirosn,. aEndirpye^rIin^cFejlWtfffisMt tfetxrpieJlrieonfce bi*nXltdhzon9process.
if of tSe fun associated ^itU our craud pestle is cased on
tfa
romnunieatiflff cy radio with equipment we have fiuilt.
DuritnrganmsmVit4t1ersy,earrsecaesivearsliacnednseadlliaemdateeuqruipImehnatv.e Ibuiwlntfwhundrtehdast
of
did not always underatand some of the circuits I built, but
aIlong with the frustration of making them percolate came a learning
experience that was more than worth the agony of struggling to
obtain the expected performance. Later, after going to school
and working as an electronics engineer, it became easy to design
amateur gear that worked well. But, I shall always remember with
3tqhYougthhossoemeeaorflythedmaywserwehennevemrosthonceidrctuoitpsersfeecetmieodn.ljke magic, even
Isteriheass abnedenbooskastisinfyitnhge ptaogepsreosfenAtRRbLegpiunbnleircattiyopness. nMfanyartliectlteesr,s
have been received from young engineers who attribute their careers
Atso atheyouinngsppierrastoino,n yporuovimdaeyd habvye Laeagcuaereeprubilnicaetlieocntsronaincds maywawiotrinn.g
vou if you are willing to study the ARRL technical literature
and construct equipment that can be used in your lab or ham shack.
Amateur Radio ia a resource that is yet to he tapped to its fullest
measure by many licensed hams.
Certainly my career would not have been successful without my
lona-terni association with The *RRL and the many amateurs and
engineers I have known. I appreciate especially the many long
wee-hour gab sessions 1 had with such people as Hea Hayward
Byron Goodman <W1DX), Al Helfric* (K2BLA). Roy Lewallen <t"EM,
Harold Johnson (W4ZCB) and Doug Blakeslae (NlPMi. during which
we discussed circuits and techniques without respite. My overall
knowledge has been greatly enhanced by exchanging ideas with these
men. I wish tc thank the many applications engineers who offered
sage advice over the years- Notable among them are Helge Granberg
(K7ES), Roy Hejhall (K7QMR1. Ed Ouner ( KB60J ) and Mike Metcalf
(W7UDMJ- No small measure of credit for my success goes to my
enduring wife Jean. WlCKK, who encouraged me as I did research
and wrote technical papers and books.
Vy 73, Doug DeMaW, HlFB (ex NSHH5)
,
CHAPTER
1 1
INTRODUCTION TO ORP
What motivates the low-power (QRP) amateur operator? This question
does not have a simple answer* A vast nynhex of _QPPers are "turned
on." by the relative simplicity of most home-made QRF equipment
B
Simple gear is not only easy to construct and operate but it is
r
fairly inexpensive to build. This has special appeal to those hama
who lack technical backgrounds and have yet to develop their skills.
Furthermore ctiany of published ORP circuits may be assembled on
,
a PC (printed circuit) board that is available by mail fturn one
ci moEB PC-board vendors* The parts-placement guide for a given
project is generally published in the related article- Guesswork
is thus eliminated for the most part-
Other amateurs have the ability to design thei r own circuits - ORP
equipment offers a short-term exercise in the workshop because
many of the projects are simple. This enables art exper imenter to
try new circuits in an evening or within a co-upl e oE days lie can
-
try new ideas and obtain fast results, Efe may continue to work
with his new circuit uptil it is perfee Led , at which time a final
model can be built, housed in a cabinet and used in his station.
Other QRPers ate captured by the nostalgia that takes them back
to the early days of Amateur Radio when hams through necessity
used only a few watts ol RF power fojr coctmiuoicarting ]n other wordsP,
*
they had to do things the hard way. Each successful USO was logged
as an achievement! Pride accompanied home-made gear and the ahinity
to be heard at great distances.
I have spoken to a nu.mbet of QFPecs who expressed boredom ftom
using store-bought high-power (OHO) transmitters Worldwide QSOs
r .
via btgte-fotce methods were no longer stimulating to them. They
found relief when giving up the mayhem Of DX pileups, taught nerves
from battJing phone-band 0PM and household power hills that were
inflated from the use of high-power transmitters. OPP offered a
new a.nd exciting challenge as they worked for their WAS {worked
all states} or DXCC (100 confirmed countries) with less than 5
watts of RF power. As past contesters they were able to satisfy
thoir competitive urges by takiny part in the many QRP contests
that are offered each year,
Still another advantage a&aocia ted with QRp operation is the relat-
ive freedom from TVI and RFI The fundamental overload ng of TV
. i
receiver front -ends is seldom factor at low levels of RF power.
a.
Also the magnitude of the transmitter harmonics is very low when
we usP b transitterb * This a 1ao minimi zee potenti al inte-rterence
enter Lainment devices such as TV sets FH receivers YCRs and
t_o
r r
telephones
In general f QftPers are a spec ia1 breed ot fr iend1y opera tora + You
have much to gain by getting involved in this growing movemenL-