Fatty Acid and Lipotoxicity in Obesity and Diabetes (Novartis Foundation Symposium 286)

221 Pages·2008·2.65 MB·English

by  Novartis Foundation

Fatty Acids and Lipotoxicity in Obesity and Diabetes: Novartis Foundation Symposium 286, Volume 286.
Edited by Gregory Bock and Jamie Goode
Copyright  Novartis Foundation 2007. ISBN: 978-0-470-05764-3
FATTY ACIDS AND
LIPOTOXICITY IN OBESITY
AND DIABETES
The Novartis Foundation is an international scientifi c and educational
charity (UK Registered Charity No. 313574). Known until September 1997
as the Ciba Foundation, it was established in 1947 by the CIBA company of
Basle, which merged with Sandoz in 1996, to form Novartis. The Foundation
operates independently in London under English trust law. It was formally
opened on 22 June 1949.
The Foundation promotes the study and general knowledge of science and in
particular encourages international co-operation in scientifi c research. To
this end, it organizes internationally acclaimed meetings (typically eight
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center of learning in China for fostering talent and scientifi c research. The
centre area of the campus of Tsinghua University is situated on former
imperial gardens of the Qing Dynasty.
Tsinghua University was founded in 1911, originally under the name of
Tsinghua Xuetang, as a preparatory school for students who would be sent
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School in 1912. The university section was founded in 1925. The name
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Invasion in 1937 forced Tsinghua to move to Kunming, where it formed,
with Peking University and Nankai University, Southwest Associated
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in Peking.
In 1952, Tsinghua University became a polytechnic institution with an
engineering focus known as China’s ‘cradle of engineers’. Since 1978, with
the resumption of departments in science, economics, management and the
humanities, Tsinghua University has fl ourished in many fi elds besides
engineering. Tsinghua is rapidly developing into a comprehensive research
university with faculties in science, engineering, humanities, law, medicine,
history, philosophy, economics, management, education, and art.
Novartis Foundation Symposium 286
FATTY ACIDS AND
LIPOTOXICITY IN
OBESITY AND
DIABETES
Copyright © Novartis Foundation 2007
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Novartis Foundation Symposium 286
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Contents
Symposium on Fatty acids and lipotoxicity in obesity and diabetes, held at Tsinghua
University, Beijing, China, 17–19 October 2006
Editors: Gregory Bock (Organizer) and Jamie Goode
This symposium is based on a proposal made by Peng Li
Bruce M. Spiegelman Chair’s introduction 1
Bruce M. Spiegelman Transcriptional control of energy homeostasis through
the PGC1 coactivators 3
Discussion 6
Stephen O’Rahilly Human obesity and insulin resistance: lessons from
experiments of nature 13
Discussion 20
Deborah M. Muoio and Timothy R. Koves Lipid-induced metabolic
dysfunction in skeletal muscle 24
Discussion 38
Alan D. Attie, Matthew T. Flowers, Jessica B. Flowers, Albert K. Groen,
Folkert Kuipers and James M. Ntambi Stearoyl-CoA desaturase
defi ciency, hypercholesterolaemia, cholestasis and diabetes 47
Discussion 54
Karen Reue The role of lipin 1 in adipogenesis and lipid metabolism 58
Discussion 68
David Carling The role of the AMP-activated protein kinase in the regulation
of energy homeostasis 72
Discussion 81
Gökhan S. Hotamisligil Endoplasmic reticulum stress and infl ammation in
obesity and type 2 diabetes 86
Discussion 94
v
vi CONTENTS
Ira Tabas, Tracie Seimon, Jerry Arellano, Yankun Li, Fabien Forcheron,
Dongying Cui, Seongah Han, Chien-Ping Liang, Alan Tall and
Domenico Accili The impact of insulin resistance on macrophage death
pathways in advanced atherosclerosis 99
Discussion 109
Sandra Lobo and David A. Bernlohr Fatty acid transport in adipocytes and
the development of insulin resistance 113
Discussion 121
Paul N. Black and Concetta C. DiRusso Vectorial acylation: linking fatty
acid transport and activation to metabolic traffi cking 127
Discussion 138
Günther Daum, Andrea Wagner, Tibor Czabany, Karlheinz Grillitsch and
Karin Athenstaedt Lipid storage and mobilization pathways in yeast 142
Discussion 151
John Zhong Li and Peng Li Cide proteins and the development of
obesity 155
Discussion 159
General discussion I 162
Visualizing brown adipose tissue with FDG-PET 162
Takashi Kadowaki, Toshimasa Yamauchi, Naoto Kubota, Kazuo Hara and
Kohjiro Ueki Adiponectin and adiponectin receptors in obesity-linked
insulin resistance 164
Discussion 176
Gabriel Pascual, Amy L. Sullivan, Sumito Ogawa, Amir Gamliel,
Valentina Perissi, Michael G. Rosenfeld and Christopher K. Glass
Anti-infl ammatory and antidiabetic roles of PPARγ 183
Discussion 196
Final discussion 200
Nutrition, ageing and lipotoxicity 200
Index of contributors 204
Subject index 206
Participants
Alan D. Attie Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison,
433 Babcock Drive, Madison, WI 53706-1544, USA
David A. Bernlohr University of Minnesota, Department of Biochemistry,
Molecular Biology and Biophysics, 6-155 Jackson Hall, 321 Church Street,
Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
Paul N. Black Ordway Research Institute, Inc., 150 New Scotland Avenue,
Albany, NY 12208, USA
David Carling Cellular Stress Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial
College, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN,
UK
Günther Daum Institut für Biochemie, Technische Universität Graz, Petersgasse
12/2, A-8010 Graz, Austria
Diego De Mendoza Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Rosario,
CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000-Rosario,
Argentina
Christopher K. Glass University of California San Diego, Department of Cellu-
lar and Molecular Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, GPL Rm 217, La Jolla, CA
92093-0651, USA
Xiao Han The Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Prov-
ince, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, People’s Republic of China
Gökhan S. Hotamisligil Harvard School of Public Health, Department of
Genetics and Complex Diseases, Building I, Room 205, 655 Huntington Avenue,
Boston, MA 02115, USA
Takashi Kadowaki Department of Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of
Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655,
Japan
vii
viii PARTICIPANTS
Jae Bum Kim Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University,
Bldg. 20-Rm. 109, San 56-1, Sillim-Dong, Kwanak-Gu, Seoul 151-742, Korea
Peng Li Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Tsinghua Univer-
sity, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
Xiaoying Li 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Department of Endocrinology, Ruijin Hospi-
tal, Shanghai 200025, People’s Republic of China
Kan Liao Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and
Cell Biology, 320 Yueyang Rd., Shanghai 200031, People’s Republic of China
Deborah M. Muoio Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, and
Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical
Center, Independence Park, Durham, NC 27704, USA
Yi-Ming Mu Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Fu
Xing Road 28, HaiDian District, Beijing 100853, China
Stephen O’Rahilly University of Cambridge, Department of Clinical Biochem-
istry, Level 4, Laboratory Block, Box 232, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Hills Road,
Cambridge CB2 2QR, UK
Karen Reue Department of Human Genetics, Gonda Center 6506A, David
Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 695 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los
Angeles, CA 90095, USA
Matthew Sabin (Novartis Foundation Bursar) Department of Endocrinology and
Diabetes, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
Masayuki Saito Department of Nutrition, Graduate School of Nursing and
Nutrition, Tenshi College, Sapporo 065-0013, Japan
Yuguang Shi Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State Uni-
versity School of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
Bruce M. Spiegelman (Chair) Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney Street,
Boston, MA 02115, USA
Ira Tabas Columbia University, Department of Medicine, PH 8 East 105F,
Division of Molecular Medicine, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY
10032, USA
PARTICIPANTS ix
Robert Yang School of Biotechnology and Molecular Biosciences, University of
New South Wales, Room 206, Biological Sciences Building, Sydney 2052,
Australia
Chen-Yu Zhang School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 22 Hankou Road,
Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, People’s Republic of China