Table Of ContentEnglish
Grammar
in Use
A self-study
reference
and practice
book for
intermediate
students of
English
with answers
THIRD
EDITION
Raymond Murphy
~ CAMBRIDGE
~ Ul\"IVERSITY PRESS
CAMRRII>GF. UNIVERSITY r RESS
Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town. Singapore, SilO Paulo
Cambridge University Press
The Edinburgh Building. Cambridge CBl l RU, UK
www.carobridge.org
Information on this tide: www.cambridge.org/9780521532891
o
Cambridge University Press 2004
This publication is incopyright. Subiecrto statutoryexception
and to the provisionsofrelevant collective licensing agreements.
no reproduction of any part rna)' take place without the written
permission of Cambridge University Press.
First published 2004
7th printing 2005
Printed in Singapore byKHL Printing Co Pte l td
Ac<Jt<Jloglli! record(or tbis publicJliotl is ovaitablefrom the Bntish UbrJ1)'
ISBN-13 978-0-521-53289-1 Edition with answers
ISBN-IO 0-521-53289-2 Edition with answers
ISBN·13 978-0-521-53290-7 Edition without answers
ISBN-IO 0-521-53290-6 Edition without answers
ISBN-13 978-0-521-$3762-9 Edirion with CD-RO.\1
ISBN-to 0-521-53762-2 Edition with CD-RO~I
ISBN-13 978-0-521-84311-9 Hardback edition with CD·RO.\1
ISBN-IO 0-521-84311-1Hardback edition with CD-RO.\t
ISBN·13 978-3-12-534086-2 Klett edition with CD-RO.\I
ISBN·to 3-12-534086-1Klett edition with CD-RO~t
ISBN-13 978-3-12-534084·8 Kieft edition
ISBN-IO 3-12-534084-5 Klett edition
•
Contents
Th. mks \-ji
To the student viii
To rhe reacher x
Present .md p,,1$[
I Presentcontinuous \1am doing'
.l Present simple (Ido:
3 Present continuous and present simple 1il am doingand Idol
4 Present connnuousand present simple J (Iam doing and Jdol
5 PJ,S[ simple II did)
6 Past conrinuou-,(I was doingI
Present perfe,-f,,111,1p.1St
- Pre-sent perfect I II have done)
S Present petie..:t .2II have done}
9 Present perfect continuous IIhan: been doingl
10 Present perfectcontinuous and simple IIhave been doing and Ihavedone)
11 How long have~ou .beent... :
11 For and since When ... ?and How long ... ? .
13 Present perfect JnJ r.hl I d hone doneand Idid,
14 Present perfect and r.ht .!II have done and Ididt
15 Past perfect U had done!
16 P.lSI perfect continuous il had been doingt
17 Have gOI and have
tS Used to (do)
Future
19 Present tenses tl am doingI Idol fur the future
20 rl'mt going to (dol
11 " ill/shall 1
" WilllshJ.1I 1
13 I willand I'm going \0
1~ \\'illbe doing ,U1J will have done
2.5 When Ido I When I'vedone When and if
.\lo.l.lls
2.6 Can, could and rbet able 10
-r-
Could (dol and could have tdonet
2.8 ." ust and can't
29 .\1.1~' and might I
30 .".l~' and rnight 1
31 Have w and muvt
31 .\lust mustn't n...edn't
33 Should I
34 Should 2.
35 Had bener It's time ,.,
36 Would
J- Can'Could'Would ~ou ... ?esc. (Requests. offers. permission and invirarionst
IF'IOU ARE NOTSURE WHICH UNITS'IOU NEED TO STUDY.USE THE STUDY GUIDE ONPAGE 326. iii
Ifami wish
.l8 If Ido •..•md If Idid ...
39 If I knew,., I wish I knew ...
40 If Ihad known ..• Iwish Ihad known ...
41 \Vi"h
Passire
42 Passin' I (isdoneI wasdone]
43 Passin' 2. (be doneI been done! being done)
44 Passive 3
45 It is said that •.• He is said to •.• He is supposed to ...
46 Have something done
Reported speech
47 Reported speech 1 jHe said that .••)
48 Reported speech 2.
QltestioflS•.md.1lIxiliJry ('n bs
49 Questions 1
50 Questions 2. (Do )'OU know where ... ?I He asked me where •.•)
51 Auxili'lr}· verbs Ihave/dozcan erc.j I think so I I hope so etc.
52 Question tags (do you?isn't it?ere.I
-bIg .md the i,,{illiti('e
53 Verb + -ing (enjoydoing! stop doing ere.I
54 Verb + to ••. (decide to ... ! forget to .••ere.I
55 Verb (+ object) + to ... (I want )'OU to •••etc.I
56 Verb +-ingor to 1(remember/regret etc.]
57 Verb + -ing or to 2. (try/needlhe1pl
58 Verb + -ing or to 3 (likeI would like erc.l
59 Prefer and would rather
60 Preposition (in/for/aboutere.I+ -ing
61 Be/get used to something (I'm used to ...)
62 Verh + preposition + -ing (succeed in -ingI accuse somebodyof-ing ctc.]
63 Expressions + -ing
64 To ••••for ... and so that •.. (purpose)
65 Adjective + to ...
66 To •••(afraid to doland preposition + -ing (afraid of-ingt
67 See somebodydo and secsomebody doing
68 -ingclauses (Feeling tired, I went to bed e;Hly.f
ArticlesJIII/ nouns
69 Countable and uncountable 1
70 Countableand uncountable 2
71 Countable nouns with alan and some
72 Alan and the
73 The 1
74 The 2. (school!theschoolere.I
75 The 3 (children I the children!
76 The4 IthegiraffeI the telephone! thepiano etc.•the + adiecnvet
77 Names with and without the 1
78 Names with and without the 2
iv IFYOU ARE NOT SURE WHICH UNITSYOU NEED TO STUDY, USE THE STUDY GUIDE ON PAGE 326.
79 Sin~ulJr and plur.ll
80 Xoun ... noun (a tennis ballf .l headache:
81 -\ rvour sisler\ name!and of... (rhe name of the bookt
Pronouns .llId determiners
82. :\lysdf/~'ourselfJthemseh'es ere.
83 .-\friend of mine .\lyown home On my own f by myself
84 There ... •1Odit ...
S5 Someand .lny
86 Xo/nonc/anv Xothing/nobodvetc.
87 :\Iuch. manv.Hnle. few. a lot. plentv
SS All/ .1.11 of mO\1/ movr of no / noneof etc
89 Both f both of neitherf neither of eitherf either of
90 :\11. everyJ.nJ whole
91 Each and cu'~
Relatire clauses
92. Relanve clauses I:clauses with who/that/which
93 ReI.HiH'clauses 2.: clauses with and without who/that/which
94 Relanve clauses 3: whose/whom/where
95 Relativeclauses 4: exrra mformanon daus~(II
96 Relative clauses 5:extra information clauses l2.1
9- -mgand -ed clauses rrhe woman talking10Tom. [he ~()y injured in the accident'
AJ;ecfU'('SJI1,I.I,/I"('rI'5
98 Adle..-nves endin,!: in -ingand -ed (boring/bored ere-.1
99 Adjectives:a nice new house. you look tired
100 Adiecnvesand adverbs I {quick/quickly}
101 Adiecrives .1OJ adverbs 2. (\H·llJf,HtIl.1Cc. hard/hardly}
102. So and such
10.3 Enough and too
104 QUill". prcnv. rather .1nJ fairl~"
105 Comp.mson I (cheaper. more expensiveetc.t
106 Comparison 2. tmcch bcncr/ anj better / berrcr and better/ Ihe sooner thebetter)
10; Comparison 3 '0< ••• 0< I than!
108 Superlatives uhc longest. the most enjoyable erc.!
109 \'('ord order I: verb + ubject: place and time
110 \X'ord order 2.:adverbs with the verb
III Still. ~'el and already .-\ny moref any longerI no longer
112. h en
COlllllll~·ti()ll$ .lIt.l prepositions
11.3 AlthoughI though I even though In spite of f despite
IH In C,1~e
115 Unless Aslong as Provided/providing
116 As (:\s I walled along the street .•. / As Iwas hungry ...J
11- Likeand a~
118 .-\~ if/ .1\ though / likc
IFYOU ARE NOT SURE WHIOl UNITSYOU NEEDTO STUDY, USETHE STUDYGUIDE ON PAGE 326. v
I19 For. during and while
120 Byand until By the time ...
Prepositione
121 Allon/in (time)
122 On time and in time At the end and in theend
123 In/at/on (position) I
124 Inlallon [position! 2
125 In/allon (position! 3
126 ToI:nlinlinto
127 In/allon (other uses)
128 By
129 Noun + preposition (reason for. cause ofere.I
130 Adjecnve + preposition 1
131 Adjecrive + preposition 2
132 Verh + preposition I to and at
133 Verb + preposition 2 aboullfor/oflafter
134 Verh + preposition 3 about and of
135 Verb + preposition 4 ofIfor/from/an
136 Verb + preposition 5 inlintolwithltolon
Pbrasal rerbs
137 Phrasal verbs 1 Introduction
138 Phrasal verbs 2 in/out
139 Phrasal verbs 3 out
140 Phrasal verbs 4 on/off (Il
141 Phrasal verbs 5 on/off (2l
142 Phrasal verbs 6 Up/down
143 Phrasal verbs 7 up (I)
144 Phrasal verbs 8 up (2)
145 Phrasal verbs 9 away/back
Appendix 1 Regular and irregular verbs 292
Appendix 2 Present and past tenses 294
Appendix 3 Tht' future 295
Appendix 4 Modal verbs (canJcouldJwillJwould erc.) 296
Appendix 5 Shorr forms (I'm I you'veJdidn't etc.I 297
Appendix 6 Spelling 298
Appendix 7 American English 300
Additional exercises 302
Study guide 326
Key to Exercises 336
Keyto Additional exercises 368
Keyto Studyguide 372
Index 373
IFYOU ARE NOT SURE WHICH UNITS YOU NEED TO STUDY. USE THE STUOY GUIDE ON PAGE 326.
•
Thanks
Iwrote the original edition ofEnglish Grammar in Use when Jwas3 reacher at the Swan
SchoolofEnglish. Oxford. Iwould like to repeat my thanks to mycolleaguesand students at
the school for their help.encouragement and interest at that time.
.vtore recently Iwould like to thank allthe teachersand students I met and who offered their
thoughtson the previousedition. It was tun to meet you alland extremely helpfulfor me.
Regarding the production of this third edition. Iam grateful[0 Alison Sharpe, Liz Driscoll.
jane \t.Jirsand Kamae Design. Iwould also like to thank Cambridge University Press for
permission to access the Cambridge International Corpus.
Thank you also to the following illustrators: Paul Fellows. Gillian \b nio. Roger Penwill.
Lisa Smith and Simon \'('iIIiams.
vii
To the student
This book is forstudents who want help with English grammar, It i~ written tor you to woe
without ,1 reacher,
The hook willbe useful for you ifyou are not sure ofthe answers to questions like these:
o What is the difference between Jdidand IJJJI·c JOlle?
o When do we useu'ill for the future:
o \"'hat isthe structure after 1wisb?
o ""hen do weS3}' used to do and when do we say me.' to doing:
o When do we use the?
o What isthe difference between like and .IS:
These and many other points ofEnglish grammar are explained in the book and there are
exercises on each point.
level
The hook is intended mainly for intermediate students tsrudenrs who have already studied the
basic grammarof English), It concentrates on thosestructures which intermediatesrudeors want
to use. bur which often causedifficuhv,Some advanced students who have problems with
grammar will also find the book useful.
The hook is 1101suitable fur elementary learners.
How the book is organised
There are 145 units in the hook. Each unitconcentrates on a particular mint of grammar.Some
problems(for example, the present perfect or the usc oftbl'l arccovered in mort' than one unit.
For a list of units. sec the Contents at the beginning of rhe book.
Each unit consists of two feeing pages. On rhe left there areexplanationsand examples;on the
right there are exercises. At the back ofthe rook there is a l':ey for you to check your answers
to theexercises (page 336l.
There are also seven Appendicesat the back ofthe hook tpagcs 191-301I. These include
irregular verbs. summaries of verb forms, spelling and American English.
Finally. there isa detailed Index at rhe back of rhe honk tpage 3731.
How to use the book
The units arc not in order ofdifficulrv,so it is /l01 intended that you work through the book
from beginning to end. Every learner h.1S different problems and you should usc this hook TO
help rou with the grammar that)'011find difficult.
It is suggested rharyou work in this way:
a Use the Ccm/('lIts and/or index to find which unit deals with the point vonare interested in.
a If you arc not sure which units you need to study. usc theSf/,.i)'gll;.I.·on page 316.
o Study rheexplananonsand examples on the.' Iefr-h.md p.lge (If rhe unit ~'nu h.rvechosen.
a Do theexerciseson the right-hand page.
D Check youranswers with the Key,
D If your answersare not correct, study the left-hand page again to see what went wrong.
You can ofcourse usc the book simplyasa reference hook without doing the exercises.
VIII
• To the teacher
English Grammar in Use was written asa self-studygrammar book, hut teachers may also lind
it usefulas additional course material in cases where further work on grammar is necess<uy.
The hook willprobably be most usefulat middle-and upper- intermediate levels(where allor
nearlyallofthe material will be relevann. and can serve borh asa basis for revision and as a
means for practising new snucrures. Ir will also he usefulforsome more advanced students who
have problems with grammar and need a book for reference and pr.rcric-e.The book is nor
intended to he used byelementary learners.
The units arc organised in grammaticalcategorieslPresmr.md past, Articles.111.1 nOlllts.
Prepositionsere.I.Theyarenorordered according to levelofdifficulty, so (he hookshould nor
be worked through from beginning to end. Irsbould be used selecnvelv and tlexiblv in
accordance with the grammarsyllabus being used and the ditticulries srudenrs are having.
The book can be used for immediate consolidation or for later revision or remedial work. It
might be used bythe wholeclass or byindividualstudents needing extra help.The lett-hand
pagt"i(explanations and examples)are written for the student to use individually,nut theymay
ofcourse be used bythe teacher as a source of ideasand information on which to base a lesson.
The student then has rhe left-hand page asa record of whar has been taught and can refer to it
in the future,The exercises can be done individually,inclJSSor as homework. Ahemanvelv
land additionally], individualstudents can bedirected to study certain units of the book b~"
themselves ifthe)' have particular difficulties nor shared ll)'other students in theirclass. Don't
forget the Additio"..,1exercises at the hack of the nook{see To thesrcdenn.
The ht){)k issold with or without a CD Rom.Thiscontains furtherexercises on allthe units in
the nook. aswell as a bank of 1.700 test questions from which userscan select to compile their
own resrs.The CD Rom isalso available separately.
An edition of r."glish Grammarill Use without the 10:'-')' isalso available. Some reachers may
prefer this for use with their students,
English Grammar in Use Third Edition
This isa new edition ofb tglish Grammar ill USI'. The differences between thisedition
and rhe second edition are:
o There Meeight new units on phrasal verbs (Units 138- 1451.There i..also .1new unit
on wish (Unit41), Units42-81 and 83-137 all havedifferent numbers from the
second edition.
o Some of the material has been revised or reorganised. and in mo..( unirvthere are
minorchanges in the examples, evplananons and exerci..e...
o The Additional exercises have been extended.The new exerci-esare 14- 16, 25. 30-31.
and .17-41.
o The book has been redesigned with new colour illuvrranons.
o There isa new CD Rom with further exercises to accompanythe book.
x
