Elizabeth I: War and Politics, 1588-1603

615 Pages·1992·30.272 MB·English

by  Wallace T. MacCaffrey

ELIZABETH I

Elizabeth I
WAR AND TOLITICS
1588-1603
By Wallace T.MacCaffrey
PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS
PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY
1992
Copyright © 1992 by Princeton University Press
Published by Princeton University Press, 41 William Street,
Princeton, New Jersey 08540
In the United Kingdom: Princeton University Press, Chichester, West Sussex
All Rights Reserved
Library of Congress-in-Publication Data
MacCaffrey, Wallace T.
Elizabeth I : war and politics, 1588-1603 / Wallace T. MacCaffrey
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and index.
ISBN0-691-03188-6
ISBN 0-691-03651-9 (paperback)
1. Great Britain—Politics and government—1558-1603. 2. Great
Britain—History, Military—Tudors, 1485-1603. 3. Great Britain—
History—Elizabeth, 1558-1603. 4. Elizabeth I, Queen of England,
1533-1603. I. Title.
DA355.M25 1992
942.05'5—dc20 91-33656
Publication of this book was made possible by a grant
from the Publications Program of the National Endowment for the
Humanities, an independent Federal agency.
This book has been composed in Linotron Granjon
Princeton University Press books are printed on acid-free paper
and meet the guidelines for permanence and durability of the
Committee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the
Council on Library Resources
First Princeton Paperback printing, 1994
Printed in the United States of America
3 5 79 10 8 6 42
TO "BERNARD
i^AND JOHN CLIVE
IN LONG FRIENDSHIP

CONTENTS
LIST OF FIGURES AND MAPS IX
PREFACE xi
ABBREVIATIONS XV
INTRODUCTION 3
Part I The English Monarchy at War
1. THE MACHINERY OF WAR*. THE COUNCIL 17
2. THE MACHINERY AT WORK! AT HOME AND ABROAD 45
3. PAYING FOR THE WAR 59
Part II Waging the War I: The Enemy—Spain
4. THE PORTUGUESE VOYAGE, 1588-1589 73
5. WAR ON THE HIGH SEAS AND IN THE INDIES, I589-I595 97
6. WAR ON THE SPANISH COASTS, 1596-1597 IO7
Part III Waging the War II: The Allies—France
7. THE WILLOUGHBY EXPEDITION, 1589 137
8. BRITTANY AND ROUEN 152
9. BRITTANY AND ROUEN I THE SECOND ROUND 163
10. BRITTANY AND PICARDY I 84
11. THE CECIL MISSION AND VERVINS 196
12. SHUFFLING TOWARDS PEACE, 1598-1603 220
Part IV Waging the War III: The Allies—The
States General
13. FROM DEPENDENCY TO ALLIANCE, 1588-1594 249
14. FROM ALLIANCE TO COLLABORATION, 1595-1603 270
Part V The Three Kingdoms
15. THE NORTHERN NEIGHBOR, 1581-1603 303
16. IRELAND: THE BUILDING OF A NEW ORDER, I53O-I593 329
17. DEPUTY FITZWILLIAM AND THE MACMAHON AFFAIR 349
18. FITZWILLIAM AND THE FIRST RUPTURE WITH TYRONE 372
vii
CONTENTS
19. RUSSELL AND THE COMING OF WAR 385
20. THE YELLOW FORD 404
21. THE FAILURE OF ESSEX 418
22. THE TRIUMPH OF MOUNTJOY 43 I
Part VI The Court: The Revival of Faction
23. THE RISE OF ESSEX, I584-I59I 453
24. ESSEX THE COUNCILLOR 472
25. ENGLAND'S GLORY AND THE WIDE WORLD'S WONDER 495
26. THE FALL FROM GRACE 514
RETROSPECTIVE 537
BIBLIOGRAPHY 575
INDEX 585
Vlll
FIGURES AND MAPS
FIGURES
FIGURE I. William Cecil, first Baron Burghley (National
Portrait Gallery, London) 16
FIGURE 2. Sir Richard Bingham, Governor of Connaught
(National Portrait Gallery, London) 301
FIGURE 3. Sir George Carew, Earl of Totnes, President of
Munster (National Portrait Gallery, London) 302
FIGURE 4. Robert Devereux, second Earl of Essex (National
Portrait Gallery, London) 451
FIGURE 5. Robert Cecil, first Earl of Salisbury (National
Portrait Gallery, London) 452
MAPS
MAP 1. Eastern Normandy and Picardy. (Adapted from
Wernham) 150
MAP 2. Brittany and its borders, 1591-1595. (Adapted
from Wernham) 151
MAP 3. The Dutch reconquest, 1590-1607. (Adapted from
Parker) 248
MAP 4. Routes of the Earl of Essex in Ireland, April to
September 1599. (Adapted from R. Edwards) 328
(All maps redrawn by Dick Boscarino)
IX