DESIGN OF POWER LINE COMMUNICATION SYSTEM By NUHA AHMED MAHDI MOHAMMED ...

77 Pages·2017·1.68 MB·English

DESIGN OF POWER LINE COMMUNICATION
SYSTEM

By

NUHA AHMED MAHDI MOHAMMED
INDEX NO. 124104

SUPERVISOR
PROF. SHARIEF BABIKER

A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment for the degree of
B.Sc (HONS) in Electrical and Electronic Engineering
(ELECTRONICS AND COMPUTER SYSTEMS ENGINEERING)
University of Khartoum
Faculty of Engineering
OCTOPER 2017
DECLARATION OF ORGINALITY

I declare this report entitled “Design Of Power Line Communication System” is my own work
except as cited in references. The report has been not accepted for any degree and it is not being
submitted currently in candidature for any degree or other reward.
Signature: ____________________
Name: _______________________
Date: ________________________

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ACKNOWLEDGMENT

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor prof. Sharief Fadul Babikir,
for the guidance and support he provided throughout the project and related research, for his time,
patience and kindness, and for providing me with the opportunity to work with him. It has been a
great privilege and honor.
I am deeply grateful to my project partner,Alaa Abd Almoniem for her hard work,
continuous support and the unforgettable times we have spent.
I also would like to give my gratitude to engineer Mahmoud Ibrabim for his continuous
advice, systematic guidance, encouragement and support

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DEDICATION

To my parents, Colleagues and everyone who believed in me
To the Five years of Fulfillment
To the experience that can never be replaced
A big thank you.

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ABSTRACT

Power lines were originally designed to transmit power from the suppliers to the customers
at low frequency (50 Hz or 60 Hz).
To improve the communication infrastructure, power lines can be utilized as
communication channel.
This project aims to design and implement Power Line Communication system that consist
of transmitter, receiver, coupling circuit and the Power lines as the communication medium.
Transmitter was designed to modulate data using Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) technique.
Receiver on the other side will demodulate the signal using Phase Locked Loop (PLL). transceiver
also perform multiple filtering and amplifying operations in order to repair signals that have been
attenuated and affected by the noise after the transmission over power lines.
Coupling circuit is the heart of the system it was designed to insert the modulated signal
from the transmitter into the power line and to extract it on the other receiver side .and to protect
circuit from the high voltage low frequency signal (240v 50 hz).

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صلختسملا

.)زتره 60 وأ زتره 50( ضفخنملا ددرتلا يف ءلامعلا ىلإ نيدروملا نم ةقاطلا لقنل لاصأ ةقاطلا طوطخ ميمصت مت
.لاصتا ةانقك ءابرهكلا طوطخ مادختسا نكمي ،تلااصتلال ةيتحتلا ةينبلا نيسحتل
ماظنلا نوكتي.ةيمقر تانايب لقنلءابرهكلا لقن طوطخ مدختسي تلااصتا ماظن ذيفنت و ميمصت ىلإ عورشملا اذه فدهي
.تلااصتلاا ةليسوك ةقاطلا طوطخو نارتقا ةرئادو لابقتسلااو لاسرلإا يزاهج نم
.)FSK( ددرتلا ةحازا فييكت ةينقت مادختساب اهلاسرا دارملا ةيمقرلا تانايبلا ليدعتب موقي ثيحب لسرملا ميمصت مت
لاسرلإا يزاهج موقيو .)PLL( لفقملا روطلا ةقلح لامعتساب ةراشلإا ليكشت ةلازإ ىلإ رخلآا بناجلا ىلع لبقتسملا يدؤيسو
لاسرلإا دعب ءاضوضلاب اهرثأتو اهنهوت مت يتلا تاراشلإا حلاصإ لجأ نم ةددعتم ميخضتو حيشرت تايلمعب اضيأ لابقتسلااو
.ءابرهكلا طوطخ ربع
بناج يف اهجارختساو ةقاطلا طخ يف لسرملا نم نيمضتلا ةراشإ لاخدلإ اهميمصت مت ماظنلا بلق يه نارتقلاا ةرئاد
.)تلوف 240(يلاعلادهجلا نم لابقتسلاا و لاسرلاا يترئاد ةيامحل اضيا و ،لبقتسملا

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

DECLARATION OF ORGINALITY ..................................................................................................................... ii
Acknowledgment ......................................................................................................................................... iii
DEDICATION ................................................................................................................................................. iv
Abstract ......................................................................................................................................................... v
صلختسملا ........................................................................................................................................................ vi
Table of contents ........................................................................................................................................ vii
List of Figures ............................................................................................................................................... xi
List of Tables ............................................................................................................................................... xii
List of abbreviation .....................................................................................................................................xiii
1 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 1
1.1 overview ........................................................................................................................................ 1
1.2 Problem statement ....................................................................................................................... 1
1.3 Project objectives .......................................................................................................................... 1
1.4 Thesis layout ................................................................................................................................. 1
2 CHAPTER TWO: LITRETURE REVIEW ..................................................................................................... 3
2.1 PLC history..................................................................................................................................... 3
2.2 PLC applications: ......................................................................................................................... 10
2.2.1 according to the frequency: ................................................................................................ 10
2.2.2 According to the voltage: .................................................................................................... 12
2.2.2.1 Low voltage or in-house: ................................................................................................. 13
2.2.2.1.1 Home automation: .................................................................................................... 13
2.2.2.1.2 Street lightening monitoring: .................................................................................... 13
2.2.2.1.3 Low cost inter-device peer-to-peer networking: ...................................................... 13
2.2.2.2 Medium Voltage and Low Voltage: ................................................................................. 13
2.2.2.2.1 Utility: ........................................................................................................................ 13
2.2.2.2.2 Broadband data transmission: .................................................................................. 14
2.3 PLC Types .................................................................................................................................... 14
2.3.1 Ultra-narrow band plc ......................................................................................................... 15
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2.3.2 Narrowband plc................................................................................................................... 16
2.3.3 Broadband plc ..................................................................................................................... 18
2.4 Plc standards ............................................................................................................................... 19
2.4.1 CENELEC .............................................................................................................................. 20
2.4.2 FCC ...................................................................................................................................... 21
2.4.3 IEEE ...................................................................................................................................... 21
2.4.4 IEC ....................................................................................................................................... 22
2.5 PLC protocols and Technologies ................................................................................................. 23
2.5.1 X-10 ..................................................................................................................................... 23
2.5.1.1 Protocol description ........................................................................................................ 23
2.5.1.2 Disadvantages ................................................................................................................. 25
2.5.2 CsBus technology ................................................................................................................ 25
2.5.3 LonWorks technology ......................................................................................................... 25
2.6 PLC system components ............................................................................................................. 26
2.6.1 Modem ................................................................................................................................ 26
2.6.1.1 Amplitude shift keying ASK ............................................................................................. 26
2.6.1.2 Phase Shift Keying ........................................................................................................... 27
2.6.1.3 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) .................................................... 28
2.6.1.4 Frequency Shift Keying .................................................................................................... 28
2.6.2 Coupling circuit ................................................................................................................... 29
Capacitive Coupling: ........................................................................................................................ 29
Inductive Coupling .......................................................................................................................... 29
3 CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY AND DESIGN ................................................................................ 30
3.1 Design goals ................................................................................................................................ 30
3.2 System components .................................................................................................................... 30
3.2.1 PLC Transmitter ................................................................................................................... 30
3.2.2 PLC receiver ......................................................................................................................... 31
3.2.3 Coupling circuit ................................................................................................................... 31
3.2.4 Decoupling circuit ............................................................................................................... 31
3.2.5 Power lines .......................................................................................................................... 31
3.3 Tools and instruments ................................................................................................................ 32
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3.3.1 Software tools ..................................................................................................................... 32
3.3.1.1 Proteus 8.6 ...................................................................................................................... 32
3.3.2 Hardware............................................................................................................................. 32
3.3.2.1 Oscilloscope .................................................................................................................... 32
3.3.2.2 Function generator ......................................................................................................... 33
3.3.2.3 Breadboard ..................................................................................................................... 34
3.3.2.4 Cpacitors and resistors .................................................................................................... 34
3.3.2.5 NPN transistors ............................................................................................................... 35
3.3.2.6 Opamps ........................................................................................................................... 35
3.3.2.7 VCO (lm566) .................................................................................................................... 35
3.3.2.8 PLL ................................................................................................................................... 35
3.3.2.9 Timer 555 ........................................................................................................................ 35
3.4 System design steps .................................................................................................................... 36
3.4.1 Step one: Generation of FSK signal ..................................................................................... 36
3.4.1.1 Design 1: Using Multiplexer ............................................................................................ 37
3.4.1.2 Design 2: Using 555 timer ............................................................................................... 37
3.4.1.3 Design three: using Voltage Controlled oscillator (VCO) LM566 .................................... 40
3.4.2 Step two: Demodulation ..................................................................................................... 43
3.4.2.1 Using Phase Locked Loop ................................................................................................ 43
3.4.3 Step three: coupling circuit ................................................................................................. 46
4 CHAPTER FOUR: RESULT AND DISCUSSION ....................................................................................... 50
4.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................................... 50
4.2 Calculations ................................................................................................................................. 50
4.2.1 FSK modulation ................................................................................................................... 50
4.2.1.1 Using timer circuit ........................................................................................................... 50
4.2.1.2 Using VCO circuit ............................................................................................................. 52
4.2.2 Demodulation using PLL:..................................................................................................... 54
4.2.3 Coupling circuit ................................................................................................................... 55
4.3 Discussion .................................................................................................................................... 56
4.3.1 Transmitter ......................................................................................................................... 56
4.3.2 Receiver ............................................................................................................................... 59
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4.3.3 Coupling .............................................................................................................................. 59
5 CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION AND RECOMINDATIONS ...................................................................... 61
5.1 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................... 61
5.2 Problems and solutions ............................................................................................................... 61
5.3 Future works ............................................................................................................................... 61
References .................................................................................................................................................. 62

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