Data Structures and Algorithms Using Python and C++

583 Pages·2009·11.55 MB·English

by  David M. Reed

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ISBN
978--159028-233-5
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Contents
Praecfe. . . . . . .. . . . . . .
Xl
Chapte1rA bstractainodnA nalysis 1
1.I1n trod.uc.t.io.n. . . . . 1
1.1P.r1o gramimnti ehnL ga r.g e 2
11.2. ThReo aAdh ea.d . 3
12. FunctAibosntarla .c t.i on. . 5
1..21D esibgyCn o ntr.a c.t 5
12..2Tes tiPnrge conditions 9
12.3. Top-DoDwens ign 13
"
1..24D ocumenStiidneg Effects 16
13. AlgorAintahlmy sis . . 17
13.. 1L inear Search . . . . . . 1.7
13..2Bi naSreryac h. . .. . . 21
13..3In forAmlaglo rCiotmhpma rison 22
13.. 4Fo rmAanla ly.si.s. . .. . . . 24
13..5Bi 0g N otatvisTo.hn e Ntoat ation 30
14. ChapStuemrm ary 32
15. E xerc.is.es.. . . 33
Chapte2rD ataA bstraction 39
2.O1v erv.ie.w . . . ... . . . . . 39
2.2Ab strDaatcaTt y pe.s. . .. . . 40
2.12 F.roDma ta tToyA pDeT 40
2.2D.e2fi nainnA gD T. . . . 41
2.2I.m3p lemeannt iAnDgT . 43
2.A3D Tasn Odb je.ct.s . .. . . 46
iii
iv Contents
2.13 S.pecific.a.ti.on. .. . . . 46
2.3I.m2p lemen.t a.t i.o n. . . . . 48
2.33 C.hangtihnRege presentation 50
2.3O.bj4ce t-iOernDteesdi agnnPd r ogram.m ing 51
2.A4n E xampAlDeTD :a taset 55
2.14 T.heP rocoefOs OsD . . 55
2.4I.d2e ynitnaignfA DT . 56
,
2.4I.m3p lemetnhAteDi Tng 58
2.A5n E xampAlDeTR :a tio.n al 60
2.5O.pe1ar toOrv erloading 60
2.5T.h2Re a tioCnlaa.ls s . . 61
2.6In cremDeenvteallo apnmUden nitTt e sting 63
2.7Ch apStuemrm ary 67
2.E8x ercises 68
Chapte3rC ontainer Classes 75
3.O1v ervi.e.w . . . . . ... .. . . . . . . 75
3.2Py thLoins .ts. .... . . . .. . . . . 76
3.3A SequeCnotlilaelAc tDieoconkfC: a rds 77
3.4A SortCeodl leHcatni.do n.:. 80
3.14 C.reatai nBgr Hiadnged 81
3.4C.o2m parCianr.gd s. . 83
3.4S.o3r ting. .C ar.d s. 85
.
3.5Py thLoinIs mtp lementation 87
35..A1r ray-Lbiass.te.sd . 87
3.5E.ffi2c ieAnncayl y.s i.s 89
3.6Py thDoinic otna(rOitpeiso nal) 89
3.16 .DAi ctiAoDnTa. r y. . 90
3.6P.y2t hDoinc tio.n ar.i es 90
3.6D.i3c tiIomnpalreym entation 93
3.6A.n4E xtenEdxeadm pAl Mea:r kCohva in 95
3.7Ch apStuemrm ary 99
3.8Ex ercises 100
Chapte4rL inked StrucatnudrI etse rators 107
4.1Ov erv.ie.w.. . . .. . . 107
4.2Th eP ythMoenm oMroyd e.l . . . 180
4.2P.a1s sPianrga me.t e.r s. . . 141
4.3A LinkIemdp lemenotfLa its.it osn 171
Contents
v
4.4Lni keIdm plemenotfaaL tiiAsotDn T 122
4.5It era.t.or.s . . . ... . . . . . . 153
4.5I.t1e raitnPo yrtsh. o n. . . . . . 163
4.5A.d2d iannIg t ertaoLt Loir.s t . 137
4.35 I.terawtiitnhPg y ta hGoenn erator 183
4.6A CursorL-ibAsaPtse I(d Op toinal) 104
4.16 A. Curso.r. A.PI. . 141
4.6A. P2y thCourns orList 142
4.36 .LAi nkCeudrr sLosit 144
4.7Li nvk.ss Arrays . 174
4.8Ch apStuemrm ary 148
4.9Ex ercises 184
5 155
ChapterS tackasn dQ ueues
5.O1v erv.i ew. . . . . 155
5.2St caks. . . .. . . . 155
5.2T.h1eS tcakA DT 165
5.2S.i2m pSlteaA cpkp lications 175
5.32 I.mplemeSntctaki.sn g. . . 195
5.2A.n4A pplicEaxtpiroensM:sa inoinp ulation 106
5.2A.n5A pplicGartaimomnPa:rr o ce(sOstipinogn al) 136
5.Q3u eu.e.s . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 196
5.3A. 1Q ueue .A.DT. .. . . 169
5.3S.i2m pQluee uAep plications 107
5.4Qu eIume plement.a t.i o.n s . . . 127
5.A5n E xampAlpep licQauteiuoenSi:in mgu la(tOpitoinosn al) 147
5.6Ch apStuemrm ary 108
5.E7x erc.is.es 181
6 189
ChapterR ecursion
61. Introd.u ction 198
6.2Re curDseifivnei t.i.on.s. 191
6.3Si mpRleec urEsxiavmep les 139
6.3E.x1a ml:peS tring Reversal 193
6.3E.x2a ml:peA nagra.m.s . 195
6.3E.x3a mpFlaesE:tx ponentiation 197
6.3E.x4a mlpeB:i rnyaS ear.c h 198
6.4An alyRzeicnugr sion 199
6.5So rt.i.n.g.. . . . . . . . . . 202
.
vi Contents
65..R1e curDseisvieg n: M.er.g esort 202
6.5A.n2a lyMzeirngge .s or.t . . . . . 205
6.6A "HardP"r oblTehmeT: o weorfH anoi 207
6.7Ch apStuemrm ary 212
6.8Ex ercises 212
Chapte7rTr ees 223
71. Overvi.e.w . . . .......... .... 223
7.2Tre eT ermino.l og.y . . . . . . . . 2.2 4 . . . .
7.3A nE xampAlpep licEaxtpiroensT:rse ieosn 226
7.4Tr eRee presen.t a.t i.o. n .s. . . . 228
.
7.5An A pplicAa BtiirnoyaSn e:a rTcrehe. . . 230
75..T1h eB irnyaS eracPhr ope.r t.y . . . 230
7.5I.m2p lemeAn BtiinnaSgre ya rTcrhe e 230
7.5Tr.a3v erasB iSnTg. . . . . .. . . . . 238
7.5A. R4u n-time oAfBn SaTAl lygsoirsi. t hms 241
7.6Im plemeanM taipnpgiw nigtB hS T t(iOopnal) 242
7.7Ch apStuemrm ary 245
7.8Ex ercises 245
Chapte8rC ++ IntroductfioorPn y thoPnr ogrammers 255
81. Inturcotdi. o n. . . . . . . . . . 2.5 5 . . . . . . . .
8.2C+ +H istaonrBdya c kgrou.n.d . . .. . . . 265
8.3Co mmtesnB,l kosco fC od,Ie dentainfiKdee rysw,o rds 262
8.4Da tTay pesV aairnadbD leec lara.t.io.n.s . . . 263
.
8.5In clSutdaet emNeanmtess,p aancIden stp,Ou/ utupt 267
8.6Co mpi.li.ng. .. .. .. . .. .. . . 271
8.7Ex presasniOdop nesr aPtroerc edence 247
8.8De ciSstitaoenm ents 277
8.9Ty pCeo nver.s i.o ns 281
81.0L oopSitntage ments 282
81.1Ar ra.y s. . . . . . . 285
8.1S1i.n1g le-DAirmyresan. sion 285
81.12. M Duilmtein-sAirornaayls 287
81..13Ar raoyfCs h raact.e r.s . 287
8.F1u2n ctDieotna .il.s. . . . . . . 288
81.21.D eclarDaetfiinointsai,no Pdnr so,t otypes 289
81.2P.a2sb syV alu.e . . 292
81.2.Pa3s bsyR efere.n.ce. . . ... . . . . .2 93
Contents vii
81.2P.a4s singa sPA arrraamyes.t ers 294
81.2.cno5s Pta rame.te.rs. . . 296
81.2D.e6af ult Par.a m.e t.e rs. . 297
8.H1e3a dFeirla ensId n lFiunnec t.i ons 298
8.41 AsSsteartte maennTdte sst ing . . 303
8.T1h5Se coapneLd i feotfiV amirea bles 305
8.C1o6m moCn+ +M iasktebsy P ythPorno gram.m ers 306
81.7A dditCi+o+nTa olp i(Ocpst i)o .n al 307
8..1T17h eC ++S witSctthae me.n t 307
81.7.Cr2e atCi+n+Ng a mespaces 310
8..13G7l obVaailra bles 310
8.1Ch8a pStuemrm ary 312
8.E1x9e rc.is.es. 313
Chapte9rC ++ Classes 319
91. BasSiycn taanxSd e mantics 319
9.2St ri.ng.s. . .. . . . 330
9.3Fi Ilnep auntOd u tp.ut. . 333
9.4Op eraOtvoerr loa.d i.n g. 335
9.5Cl aVsarsi abalneMdse thods 343
9.C6h apStuemrm ary 347
9.E7x erc.is.es. . .. . . . . 348
Chapte1r 0C ++ DynamicM emory 353
101I. ntrod.u ct.i o.n 353
10C.+2+ P oin.te.rs. .. . . 360
10.Dy3n amic .Ar.ra..y .s 366
10.Dy4n amic CMelmaosrsye s 371
1.041D .estr.u ct.o r. . . 371
10.C4o.p2Cy o nstructor 373
1.04A.s3s ignOmpeenrta tor 378
1.04A. C4o mplDeytnea mAircyr C alass 381
10.R4e.f5e rReentcuTery np es 386
10D.y5n amMiecm oErryr o.r s. . . . 388
10.1 5.Memory. L.ea..k. s . 388
10.A5c.c2e sIsnivnaMgle imdo ry 390
10.M5e.m3o Erryr Sourm ma.r y 393
10.Ch6a pStuemrm ary 395
10E.x7e rc.is.es. . . 395
viii Contents
Chapte1r 1C+ + LinkeSdt ructures 403
11I.n1t rod.uc.t.io.n. . . . . 403
1.12A C ++L inkSetdr ucCtluarses 404
1.13A C++L inkLeids. t . ... . 407
114C .++L inkDeydn amic Memory Errors 421
1.15Ch apStuemrm ary 422
116E .xercises 422
Chapte1r 2C ++ Templates 427
121I. n trod.u ct.i o.n . . 427
12T.e2m plFautnec tions 429
12T.em3p laCtlea s.se.s 431
12.1T 3h.eS tandTaermdp lLaitberv aercyt Colra. s s 431
12.U3s.e2r -dTeefimnpeldCa ltaes ses 435
12C.h4a pStuemrm ary 440
12E.x5e rcises 440
Chapte1r 3He apsB,a lanceTrde es,a ndH ashT ables 443
131.I ntrod.uc.t.io.n. . . . . 443
13P.r2i oQruietuyae nsHd e ap.s . . . .. . . . . 444
1.321H .eaps.or.t . . . . . .. . . . . . . .45 1
13.N2o.t2oe nsH eaapn Pdr ioQruietuIyem plementatio4n5s2
13B.a3l anTcreeeds. . . . 453
13.Ot4eh rT reeS tructures 465
13H.a5s Tha bl.e.s . . 465
13.Ch6a pStuemrm ary 478
13E.x7e rcises 478
Chapte1r 4G raphs 485
141I. ntrod.uc.t.io.n. . . . 485
14G.r2a pDhat aS truc.tu.r es 487
14.Sh3o rtesAtl gPoartiht hms 491
14..1T3 hUen weigShhtoerdPt aetsht 492
14.T3h.We2e i ghtSehdo rPtaetsht 496
14.De4p Ftihr Asltg ori.th.m s 501
14M.i5n imSupma nnTirenegs . . . . . 507
.
145.1.K rus'kAsal lgori.t.hm. . . 507
14.T5h.De2i sjSoeiDtnat taS tructure 509
14.P5ri.m3'A slg or.it.hm. . .. . . . 511
Contents ix
14C.h6a pStuemrm ary 512
14E.x7e rc.is.es. . . 513
Chapte1r 5Al goritThemc hniques 517
151I. ntrod.uc.t.io.n. . . . 517
15D.i2v iadneCd o nqu.e r. . . . . . . . 5.1 8
151.A 2n.alyRzeicnugr Fsuinvcet ions 518
15.Q2u.i2c k.so.r.t. 521
15.Gr3e eAdlyg ori.t.hm.s . . .. . . . . 527
15D.y4n amPirco gram.mi.ng. .. . . . 536
15.L4o.n1g Ceosmtm oSnu bsequence 537
154..M2e moiza.t i.o n . . . . . . . 541
1.54M.a3t rCihxa in Multiplication 541
15N.P5- CompPlreotbel ems 543
15C.h6a pStuemrm ary 545
15E.x7e rc.i ses 546
549
AppendiGxl ossary
563
Index