Corruption in Africa

516 Pages·2015·2.88 MB·English

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Corruption in Africa
A Threat to Justice and Sustainable Peace
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Corruption has always existed in different forms, and is not determined by politics or rru
geography. It exists in rich and poor countries alike, it involves both individual States eat tptio
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and international organizations and its costs are borne by the citizens. It affects the Ju in A Threat to Justice and Sustainable Peace
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corruption are limitless, its roots seem to be identifiable in the immoderate inclination d S
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for material wealth and power. While wealth in the African traditional setting came st Editors: Elizabeth Nduku / John Tenamwenye
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along with the responsibility to promote the common good, today wealth seems to be in
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an end in itself. It is a misdirected pursuit of happiness in wealth and power. le
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Because of the many challenges that corruption brings to the society, it has ea
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become a cause of great concern today, not only to the church and the state, but also
to the institutions of higher education.
This concern on corruption is the basis of this book and capture the sharing at the
conference of the Centre for Social Justice and Ethics on:
“Corruption: A threat to Justice and sustainable peace in Africa”, held
at the Catholic University of Eastern Africa.
The Editors JohEliz
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Sister Dr. Elizabeth Nduku is Director of the Center for Social Justice and Ethics (CSJE) ee
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Rev. Dr. John Tenamwenye is a diocesan priest of the Diocese of Same (Tanzania). He serves as e /
the Head of Department of Ethics of the Catholic University of Eastern Africa and lectures on
the social doctrine of the church and Christian ethics.
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Corruption in Africa
A Threat to Justice and Sustainable Peace

Corruption in Africa
A Threat to Justice and Sustainable Peace
Editors
Elizabeth Nduku / John Tenamwenye

Globethics.net Focus No. 14
Globethics.net Focus
Series editor: Christoph Stückelberger. Founder and Executive Director of
Globethics.net and Professor of Ethics, University of Basel

Globethics.net Focus 14
Elizabeth Nduku / John Tenamwenye (eds.),
Corruption in Africa. A Threat to Justice and Sustainable Peace
Geneva: Globethics.net
ISBN 978-2-88931-016-6 (online version)
ISBN 978-2-88931-017-3 (print version)
© Globethics.net

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Table of Contents

Foreword ............................................................................. 9
Preface ............................................................................... 13
1 Corruption: the Bane of Africa .................................... 17
Patrick Loch Otiendo Lumumba
1.1 Introduction ............................................................................. 17
1.2 What is Corruption? ................................................................ 19
1.3 Corruption in Africa: A Foreign Import? ................................ 20
1.4 Corruption: A Victimless Crime? ............................................ 21
1.5 Causes of Corruption in Africa ................................................ 22
1.6 Effects of Corruption in the Continent .................................... 24
1.7 Corruption: Redressing Mechanisms ....................................... 34
1.8 Reenergizing the Fight against Corruption
in the African Continent ................................................................ 37
1.9 Strengthening the Policy, Legal and Institutional
Framework to Fight Corruption ..................................................... 37
1.10 Widen and Deepen Anti-Corruption
and Governance Reforms across the Continent ............................. 42
1.11 Conclusion ............................................................................. 46
2 What am I doing when I am being Corrupt?
An Epistemology of Corruption ...................................... 49
Evaristus Okechukwu Ekwueme
2.1 Abstract ................................................................................... 49
2.2 Introduction ............................................................................. 50
2.3 Corruption of the Human Cognitional Process ........................ 52
2.4 What am I Doing when I am Living an Examined Life? ......... 56
2.5 What am I Doing when I am Being Corrupt? .......................... 58
2.6 Categories of Corruption ......................................................... 61
2.7 Conclusion ............................................................................... 66
2.8 Bibliography ............................................................................ 67
3 Political Corruption and Justice in Africa .................. 69
Oita Etyang
3.1 Abstract ................................................................................... 69
3.2 Introduction ............................................................................. 69
3.3 Political Corruption and Justice ............................................... 72
3.4 Panacea to Political Corruption and Injustice .......................... 82
3.5 Conclusion ............................................................................... 83
References ..................................................................................... 84
4 Political Will and the Fight against Corruption
in Kenya ............................................................................. 87
Jane Onsongo
4.1 Introduction ............................................................................. 87
4.2 Meaning of Political Will in the Fight against Corruption
in Kenya ........................................................................................ 88
4.3 Factors Affecting Political Will ............................................... 89
4.4 Importance of Political Will in the Fight against Corruption .. 93
4.5 Recommendations and Suggestions for Strengthening
Political Will ................................................................................. 95
4.6 Conclusion ............................................................................... 98
4.7 References ............................................................................. 100
5 Corruption and Violence in Africa:
A Case Study of Nigeria ................................................. 101
Malachi Elisha Brown
5.1 Abstract ................................................................................. 101
5.2 Introduction ........................................................................... 102
5.3 Corruption ............................................................................. 102
5.4 Violence ................................................................................ 108
5.5 The Niger Delta Region of Nigeria ....................................... 118
5.6 Basis or Reasons for the Region’s Agitation ......................... 118
5.7 Training/Skills Acquisition for the Ex-Militants ................... 135
5.8 Infrastructural Development of the Region ........................... 136
5.9 Dialogue/Continuous Engagement ........................................ 137
5.10 Conclusion ........................................................................... 139
5.9 References ............................................................................. 140
6 Corruption and Fraudulent Culture:
The Case of Tanzania ..................................................... 145
Conrad John Masabo
6.1 Introduction ........................................................................... 145
6.2 Corruption ............................................................................. 147
6.3 Evolution and Institutionalisation of Corruption
and Fraudulent Culture in Africa: Tanzanian Experience ........... 155
6.4 Corruption Eradication Dynamics in Tanzania ..................... 158
6.5 Conclusion ............................................................................. 164
6.6 Bibliography .......................................................................... 166
7 The Role of Ethnic Heterogeneity on Corruption:
Experimental Evidence from Kenya ............................. 169
Abraham K. Waithim and Justine Burns
7.1 Abstract ................................................................................. 169
7.2 Introduction ........................................................................... 170
7.3 Ethnic Heterogeneity and Socioeconomic Outcomes ............ 174
7.4 Experimental Design and Subject Pool ................................. 179
7.5 Results ................................................................................... 182
7.6 Discussion and conclusion..................................................... 195
7.7 References ............................................................................. 197
8 Corruption and Human Rights:
The Right to Food in Kenya .......................................... 203
Richard A. Kakeeto and Ibolya Losoncz
8.1 Abstract ................................................................................. 203
8.2 Introduction ........................................................................... 204
8.3 Conceptual Framework Linking Corruption
with Human Rights ...................................................................... 206
8.4 The Right to Food .................................................................. 207
8.5 Opportunities for Collaboration ............................................. 212
8.6 Strengthening New Alliances and Engaging the Media ........ 213
8.7 Applying New Analytical Techniques
such as Budget Monitoring .......................................................... 213
8.8 Giving Attention to Local Government ................................. 214
8.9 Litigation ............................................................................... 214
8.10 Conclusion ........................................................................... 214
8.11 References ........................................................................... 215
9 Corruption and Human Rights Moral
Theological Perspectives ................................................ 217
David K. Mbugua
9.1 Introduction ........................................................................... 217
9.2 Conceptual Understanding of Corruption .............................. 218
9.3 Corruption as moral theological problem .............................. 223
9.4 Corruption and Human Rights Violation............................... 232
9.5 Conclusions ........................................................................... 242
9.6 Bibliography .......................................................................... 243
10 Juridical Status of Corruption in Civil Law
and in Canon Law ........................................................... 245
Fabien Lonema
10.1 Introduction ......................................................................... 245
10.2 Corruption in Civil Law ...................................................... 245
10.3 Corruption in Canon Law .................................................... 257
10.4 Conclusion ........................................................................... 266
11 Corruption in the Education System:
A Sociological Perspective .............................................. 269
Theo Katundano
11.1 Introduction ......................................................................... 269
11.2 The Purpose of Primary Education in Africa ...................... 270
11.3 External Causes of Corruption ............................................ 272
11.4 What Can Be Done as the Way Forward? ........................... 277
11.5 Conclusion ........................................................................... 278
11.6 References ........................................................................... 279
12 Combating Corruption in Society:
a Challenge to Higher Education in Africa .................. 281
Elizabeth Nduku and Herbert Makinda
12.1 Abstract ............................................................................... 281
12.2 Introduction ......................................................................... 282
12.3 Conceptualization of Corruption,
Forms and its Effects on the Society ........................................... 284
12.4 Categories of Corruption ..................................................... 286
12.5 Effects of Corruption in Society .......................................... 289
12.6 Public Spending and Economic Growth .............................. 289
12.7 Effects on Governance......................................................... 290
12.8 Effects on Public Administrative Efficiency ....................... 292
12.9 Poverty................................................................................. 292
12.10 Corruption, a Challenge to Higher Education ................... 292
12.11 Challenges Facing Higher Education
in Combating Corruption ............................................................. 298
12.12 Conclusion ......................................................................... 301
12.13 References ......................................................................... 301
13 Combating Corruption:
A Challenge to Faith-Based Organizations (FBOs)
in Contemporary Africa ................................................. 303
Lucy Kimaro
13.1 Introduction ......................................................................... 303
13.2 Combating Corruption in Africa: An Overview .................. 305
13.3 Corruption Undermines Justice and Retards Development . 308
13.4 Corruption and Justice Administration ................................ 310
13.5 The Role of FBOs in Combating Corruption
and Promoting Justice.................................................................. 311
13.6 Challenges ........................................................................... 318
13.7 Conclusion ........................................................................... 321
13.8 Recommendations ............................................................... 322
13.9 References ........................................................................... 324
14 Rethinking Church and the War on Corruption
in Tanzania: the Quest for Durable Solutions ............. 329
Alfred u’Wimana Sebahene
14.1 Abstract ............................................................................... 329
14.2 Introduction ......................................................................... 331
14.3 Understanding Corruption ................................................... 335
14.4 Corruption: A Threat to Justice, Sustainable Peace,
Security and Stability in Africa ................................................... 339
14.5 Church and the War on Corruption ..................................... 344
14.6 Fighting Corruption: Churches are a Significant Part
of Most Tanzanian and African Societies at Large ...................... 345
14.7 Opportunities and Predicaments as the Church Owns, Scales-
Up and Sustains the Agenda for War on Corruption in Tanzania 349
14.8 Conclusion ........................................................................... 351