Table Of ContentCommunications
in Computer and Information Science 32
Heinz Gerhäuser Jürgen Hupp
Christos Efstratiou Janina Heppner (Eds.)
Constructing
Ambient Intelligence
AmI 2008 Workshops
Nuremberg, Germany 19-22, 2008
Revised Papers
1 3
VolumeEditors
HeinzGerhäuser
JürgenHupp
JaninaHeppner
FraunhoferInstitutfürIntegrierteSchaltungenIIS,
AmWolfsmantel33,91058Erlangen,Germany
E-mail:{heinz.gerhaeuser,juergen.hupp,janina.heppner}@iis.fraunhofer.de
ChristosEfstratiou
ComputingDepartment,InfoLab21,
LancasterUniversity,SouthDrive,Lancaster,LA14WA,UK
E-mail:[email protected]
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Preface
Ambient intelligence (AmI) was established in the late 1990s as a recent paradigm for
electronic environments for the timeframe of 2010–2020. AmI is essentially an elabora-
tion of Mark Weiser’s vision of ubiquitous computing. Weiser was aiming at a novel
mobile computing infrastructure integrated into the networked environment of people.
AmI is the idea of a technology that will become invisibly embedded in our natural sur-
roundings, present whenever we need it, enabled by simple and effortless interaction,
attuned to all our senses, adaptive to users, context-sensitive, and autonomous.
AmI refers to smart electronic environments that are sensitive and responsive to the
presence of people. Since its adoption the vision has grown and fully developed, becom-
ing quite influential in the development of novel ideas for information processing and
new concepts for multi-disciplinary fields including electrical engineering, computer
science, industrial design, user interfaces, and cognitive sciences. The AmI system af-
fords a basis for new paradigms of technological innovation within a multi-dimensional
society. The added value of the AmI vision is the fact that the large-scale integration of
electronics into the environment allows the actors, i.e., people and objects, to collaborate
with their surroundings in a natural measure. This is directly related to the increasing
societal demand for communication and the exchange of information.
Following the successful AmI 2007 Conference in Darmstadt, it was the turn of
Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits IIS to welcome the participants of the AmI
2008 Conference in Nuremberg and Erlangen in 2008. “Services for People” was the key
theme of the Second European Conference on Ambient Intelligence AmI 2008. It ad-
dressed researchers from academia and industry working on hardware and software, on
applications and services as well as on security aspects and ethical issues in order to
create integrated and secure AmI solutions based on strong business cases. The over-
whelming economic potential of AmI can be only realized provided that technologies
and applications perfectly meet people’s needs. Solutions have to be embedded into
services that deliver real value to the customer.
“Well-Being and Care” and “Mobility and Logistics” were the two main fields of
applications that formed the setting for technical research contributions, for case stud-
ies, for lessons-learned and socio-economic papers. In AmI 2008 the spectrum of
“Well-Being and Care” ranged from the exciting shopping event in the retail outlets of
tomorrow to a service-oriented comfortable private home.
“Mobility” addressed the freedom and flexibility of travelling as well as the effi-
cient bridging of distances. In contrast, “Logistics” was connected to the autonomous
and self-organized movement of vehicles, goods and materials in intelligent environ-
ments, supply chains and networks.
VI Preface
The format of the conference was a dual track and comprised two different types of
high-quality and original research contributions for "Services for People" in all areas
of AmI:
1. Research Contributions for Well-Being and Care:
An international Program Committee selected the contributions most valuable to
health care issues and measures of achieving well-being, exploring its far reach-
ing impact on lifestyles in the AmI community.
2. Research contributions for Mobility and Logistics:
An international Program Committee selected the most innovative contributions
addressing the flexibility of travelling and the mobility needs of people as well
as technologies that enable the Internet to reach out into the real world of physi-
cal objects.
Besides the conference there were workshops, divided into two key aspects: scientific
and projects. The first scientific workshop SW1, “Smart Design for Human Perform-
ance,” tried to utilize new available technologies to improve human performance and
pleasure at the workplace. Companies will only get their people to perform at their
best if workplaces, processes and technology are designed to suit the employees’ ca-
pacities and needs.
The second edition of AmI-Blocks workshop SW2, “Smart Products: Building
Blocks of Ambient Intelligence,” was related to the EU FP7 IP project “Proactive
Knowledge for Smart Products.” Smart products refer to real-world objects, devices
or software services bundled with knowledge about themselves and their capabilities,
their environment and their users, enabling new ways of proactively interacting with
humans and the environment autonomously. The fundamental question in this work-
shop was how federations of smart products can reify agentive behavior and compose
functionality to become the generative blocks of AmI. The goal in workshop SW4,
“Intelligent Objects for the Internet of Things,” was to discuss the current state of the
art in intelligent objects technologies for "The Internet of Things.”
The main focus of the workshop was to discuss actual technological challenges of
decentral control systems as well as problems of transparency and security of goods
and commodities flow. Traditional technologies (RFID, Barcode, etc.) should be com-
pared with wireless sensor networks. Shortcomings and benefits of these technologies
should be discussed in order to explore novel approaches to build intelligent objects.
Workshop SW5, “Social Intelligence for Well-Being and Care,” aimed to discuss
existing research and future directions related to social intelligence for well-being and
care. This includes both theoretical and applied research in the realms of interactive
systems design. The aim of this workshop was to bring together researchers, designers
and practitioners from HCI and social sciences working in the areas of social intelli-
gence, well-being and care.
AmI is not only limited to rooms and buildings. In the future whole cities will be-
come intelligent environments – with people networking with each other, dating, find-
ing interesting places (e.g., restaurants, museums, meeting places), travelling by public
transportation or dealing with traffic and parking problems. In such a city, millions of
inhabitants interact with each other and benefit from information that other people or
VII Preface
sensors provide. It feels like a village where somebody always helps in finding a res-
taurant, bar or theater, where citizen’s choices, moves and opinions influence urban
planning and public intervention. Such a city and its applications can be realized by
combining two major trends in mobile computing: AmI and Web 2.0. The Workshop
SW6 “When Ambient Intelligence Meets Web 2.0: Wiki-City – A City Interacts with
its citizen” looked for technologies – present and upcoming – that can make Wiki-City
real: technologies interconnecting people, places, events, opinions and digital online
content.
There were also project workshops. The first project workshop PW1 “SOPRANO,
PERSONA, Netcarity & MPOWER, Conjoint Workshop on Ambient-Assisted
Living” was planned as the successor of the “Conjoint SOPRANO and PERSONA
Workshop on Ambient Intelligence Architectures and Technologies” held on
November 7, 2007 as one of the subsidiary EU PROJECT WORKSHOPS at AmI
2007 conference in Darmstadt, Germany. The positive feedback from the first
workshop encouraged the organizers to plan a second conjoint workshop. The second
workshop, however, was going to expand its focus in terms of the participating EU
projects by including Netcarity and MPOWER projects, as well as narrow down its
focus by changing from the more general field of “AmI” to the subordinate discipline
“AAL,” which is the actual focus of the participating projects.
The workshop PW2 “Architecture and Platforms for AmI” was a collaborative
proposal involving four different projects. These projects address, in different ways,
the challenge of developing platforms for AmI. The workshop aimed at bringing
together the different perspectives gained in these projects, opening the discussion to
the wider research community.
PW3, “‘Ambient-Assisted Living’ and ‘Personal Health’ – Between Paradigms,
Projects and Products,” was a workshop providing a snapshot of ongoing technical
developments that underpin the shift of healthcare paradigms towards homecare and
personalized, ubiquitous services. Concepts, results, and lessons learned from
different national and European research projects (e.g., German InPriMo and
KONMEVIT, European SENSATION, etc.) utilizing ambient and mobile intelligence
for personal health and well-being were discussed.
The workshop PW4, “Capturing Ambient-Assisted Living Needs,” aimed at
innovative methods to analyze and evaluate users' needs and requirements with regard
to smart assistive home environments. This workshop addressed such issues as: how
can we capture user needs with this knowledge in mind? Which evaluation methods
can we use to evaluate early prototypes of intelligent but error-prone technology,
where not all functionality is integrated (yet) or can only be used with certain
limitations?
The results presented in these AmI workshops are in many cases very fascinating
and may push the development of new ideas forward. These proceeding provide many
novel conclusions and realizations in the development of AmI. We hope you enjoy
reading them.
August 2009 Heinz Gerhäuser
Table of Contents
Smart Design for Human Performance
Smart Design for Human Performance in the Office of the Future
Requirements towards Services and Technical Advises for Tomorrows
Office Work ..................................................... 1
Johannes Kriegel, Franziska Jehle, Christos Efstratiou,
Lambert Zaad, Janina Heppner, and Ju¨rgen Hupp
Intelligent Objects for the Internet of Things
Functional Requirements of a Middleware to Integrate Wireless Sensor
Networks (WSN) into Smart Objects Applications ................... 6
Fritz Meier
Scientific Workshop 4: The Internet of Things State-of-the-Art and
Perspectives for Future Research................................... 10
Dirk Liekenbrock
Scientific Workshop 4: Intelligent Objects for the Internet of Things:
Internet of Things – Application of Sensor Networks in Logistics ....... 16
Christian Flu¨gel and Volker Gehrmann
When Ambient Intelligence Meets Web 2.0:
Wiki-City - A City Interacts with Its Citizen
New Tools for Mobiles and Handhelds Make Life Easier............... 27
Gerhard Baier and Hellmut Beckstein
AmbiSense: Identifying and Locating Objects with Ambient Sensors.... 33
Christian Hoene
Scientific Workshop 6: When Ambient Intelligence Meets Web 2.0:
Wiki-City – A City Interacts with Its Citizens ....................... 35
Ju¨rgen Hupp and Steffen Meyer
Scientific Workshop 6: When Ambient Intelligence Meets Web 2.0:
Seamless Localization Technologies in Cities......................... 42
Thorsten Vaupel
X Table of Contents
SOPRANO, PERSONA, Netcarity & MPOWER,
Conjoint Workshop on Ambient-Assisted Living
Architectures and Platforms for AMI: Workshop Summary Report ..... 50
B.A. Farshchian, E. Berg, M. Divitini, K. Doolin, and R. Pascotto
A Pervasive Environment Based on Personal Self-improving Smart
Spaces.......................................................... 58
Michael Crotty, Nick Taylor, Howard Williams, Korbinian Frank,
Ioanna Roussaki, and Mark Roddy
A Product Line Approach for AmI Environments .................... 63
Jon Imanol Dura´n, Josu Cobelo, and Joseba Laka
ASTRA Awareness Connectivity Platform Based on Service Oriented
Concepts ....................................................... 70
Irene Mavrommati and Ioannis Calemis
Mobile Ontology: Its Creation and Its Usage ........................ 75
Xiaomeng Su, Stian Alapnes, and Mazen Malek Shiaa
Using Semantic Technology in Pervasive Service Platform ............. 80
Xiaomeng Su, Babak Farshchian, Reidar Martin Svendsen, and
Erik Berg
Realizing Context Aware Collaborations Using Grids ................. 84
Stefan Wesner, Georgina M. Gallizo, Alexander Kipp,
and Matthias Assel
Capturing Ambient Assisted Living Needs
ProceedingsofAMI’08 Workshop:“Capturing Ambient Assisted Living
Needs” ......................................................... 89
Arjan Geven, O¨zge Subasi, Cristina Buiza, Marianna Obrist,
Wolfgang Reitberger, and Manfred Tscheligi
Author Index.................................................. 99
Smart Design for Human Performance in the Office of
the Future – Requirements towards Services and
Technical Advises for Tomorrows Office Work
Johannes Kriegell, Franziska Jehle1, Christos Efstratiou2, Lambert Zaad3,
Janina Heppner4, and Jürgen Hupp5
1 Fraunhofer ATL, Health Care Services, Nordostpark 93,
90411 Nürnberg, Germany
2 Lancaster University, InfoLab21, South Drive
Lancaster, LA1 4WA, United Kingdom
3 Hogeschool von Arnhem en Nijmegen, ICA, Ruitenberglaan 26,
6826 Arnhem, Netherland
4 Fraunhofer IIS, Communication Networks Department, Am Wolfsmantel 33,
91058 Erlangen, Germany
5 Fraunhofer IIS, Computer Science Editorial, Nordostpark 93,
90411 Nürnberg, Germany
Abstract. The office of the future is a synonym of today’s needs and
expectations towards prospective solutions and services which can support
human performance in the future office work. The development of such future
services is on one hand affected by the technical possibilities and on the other
by the demands of changing and global work environment. The process of
generating successful services can be initiated by creative methods. The
635 method is a creative brain writing technique, which follows the problem
solving circle to create new uncommon ideas in a group of expert or user
participants. The workshop on smart design for human performance in the
office of the future used the 635 method to identify requirements towards
services and technical advises for tomorrows office work. The outcome of
the written brainstorming is a list of different criteria and examples which
describe the several dimensions of needs and demands towards the office of the
future.
Keywords: office of the future, written brainstorming, 635 method, expert
ideas, service engineering.
1 Introduction
The change of today’s working purposes, places and conditions are influenced by the
rapid changes of business environment and social parameters. Former habits and
established organizational structures are shifting towards flexible and outcome
orientated processes. Especially computer generated and knowledge bases virtual
objects and communications will dominate tomorrow’s offices. Those developments
H. Gerhäuser et al. (Eds.): AmI 2008 Workshops, CCIS 32, pp. 1–5, 2009.
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2009
2 J. Kriegel et al.
are caused by the basic need of transparent information’s, cooperative work sharing
and harmonized processes along the value adding processes. The goal of the
workshop on smart design for human performance in the office of the future was to
identify requirements towards services and technical advises for tomorrows office
work. Even in the last century, there was the goal of the office of the future and the
supporting characteristics that the key design changes will force the automated and
advanced workplace by including 3D cable networking, multiple-zone heating,
ventilating, air conditioning, conservation technologies and robotics applications in
building control and maintenance. [1] Today’s requirements are more focused on the
automated communication, personalization with location-based services and contend
management. [2]
1.1 Objectives of the Future Office
The objectives of the future office are influenced by the shift towards knowledge base
and creative work which have to be supported by encouraging working conditions and
advices. Furthermore cooperative and multidisciplinary teamwork leads to substantial
values towards qualitative, efficient as well as effective working processes and
results. Therefore working atmosphere and resources have to be designed towards
optimized use of human knowledge and pro-labor. [3]
1.2 Service Engineering for Office Work
Former products and services for use at offices were dominated by product conditions
and technical options. Poor conceived, local focuses and structure orientated solutions
for administrational and knowledge based work had a limited degree of maturity. The
challenge of future products and services for the office environment is to meet
the market and workers demand. [4] Therefore it is necessary to create and identify
future needs, influences and habits as well as regulations of tomorrows office work.
Service engineering offers a substantial and progressive way to raise future levels of
success, maturity and acceptance of offered products and services for office work.
Service engineering is the systematic development of services. The concept supports
service providers in systematic approaches gaining of marketable and consumer
focused offers. The concept of service engineering (rather: new service development)
follows thereby the intention to satisfy customer’s needs by considering quality and
costs aspects from the customer’s perspective. [5] The first step and main important
criteria of successful products and services is the creation of innovative and market
orientated assistances. [6]
2 Method
Creative methods are supporting the creativity is the process of generating something
new that has value [7] The 635 method is a creative brain writing technique, which
follows the problem solving circle to create new uncommon ideas in a group of expert
or user participants. The technique is based on a form (figure 1) which will be hand
out to all 6 participants. The form is fragmented in 18 boxes (3 splitting and 6 lines)
