Table Of Content“I was very happy when NUFU supported our joint ef-
fort to cooperatively build; “the entrepreneurial uni-
versity”. Today, entrepreneurship is a major goal for B C Conditions for
countries world wide to achieve economic growth. In j o
ø
order to facilitate such development, universities must r n
n d
educate creative candidates, research must investigate
W it entrepreneurship in
innovative action, and HEIs must turn entrepreneurial i
o
i
as well as pursuing academic excellence. This publi- l n
l
cation reflects a step in this direction. I am really proud y s
Å f Sri Lanka: A Handbook
to read the result of our joint work, and I know that o
m
researchers in Norway and Sri Lanka have learned a lot r
o e
by joining their resources across cultures.” n
t
r
e Edited by Bjørn Willy Åmo
p
r
Frank Lindberg, Dean Bodø Graduate School of Business, e
n
University of Nordland
e
u
r
s
h
“The North-South co-operation that developed bet-
i
p
ween the University of Ruhuna and the Bodø Graduate
i
School of Business, University of Nordland has set an n
example for such relationships. This project to publish S
r
research papers with joint authorship was an excellent i
idea. The effort has produced a lasting document with L
a
papers on management and entrepreneurship in fields n
as diverse as business characteristics of retail shops to k
a
ornamental fish and aquaculture. This needs to be just :
a springboard to greater achievements in joint research A
and collaboration between our institutions. The cross- H
cultural understanding this has created has been sig- a
n
nificant.” d
b
o
Prof. Susirith Mendis, Vice-Chancellor,
o
University of Ruhuna k
University of Ruhuna
University of Ruhuna
Conditions for entrepreneurship
in Sri Lanka: A Handbook
Edited by
Bjørn Willy Åmo
University of Ruhuna
1
2
Contents Page
List of contributors 7
Foreword 17
I - How universities create knowledge
1 Introduction 21
Åmo, B.W.
2 Building capacity in the South: Lessons learnt from a joint Sri
Lankan – Norwegian research book project 37
Åmo, B.W.
3 A laboratory design for training students in qualitative
methodology 63
Sørnes, J.O. and Browning, L.D.
II - Entrepreneurs in action
4 Sri Lankan micro businesses with and without employees:
Exploring human capital, perception and business characteristic
differences in retail shops 83
Jewanthi, H.A.C., Isaksen, E.J. and Rasmussen, E.
5 Challenges faced by SMEs in developing countries adopting ICT:
A case study from the hotel industry in Sri Lanka 99
Samantha, R.L., Ganewatta,G.K.H. and Åmo, B.W.
6 Challenges facing female entrepreneurs operating in the fish
industry: an exploratory study from Sri Lanka 115
Rupasinghe, L.R., Buddhika, S.A. and Åmo, B.W.
3
III - Entrepreneurship within established firms
7 Voluntary labour turnover in the textile and clothing
manufacturing sector in Sri Lanka: The causes of leaving the
employers 143
Priyashantha, K.G. and Vinogradov, E.
8 The Impact of owner specificfactors on growth of small
business: Evidence from Sri Lanka 163
Sriyani, G.T.W. and Åmo, B.W.
9 Securing necessary human capital in family businesses after
generation changes: The buy or breed dilemma 191
Sriyani, G.T.W. and Åmo, B.W.
10 Contingent Just-in-Time (JIT) system implementations:a
comparative study from Sri Lanka 215
Samadi, M.G.D.S., Ganewatta, G.K.H. and Gårseth-Nesbakk, L.
VI - Budget and finance
11 Does bank ownership matter in performance? Experience and
lessons from Sri Lanka 237
Wanniarachchige, M.K., Suzuki, Y. and Kjærland, F.
12 Public Sector Accounting Reforms in Two South Asian Countries:
A Comparative Study of Nepal and Sri Lanka 257
Adhikari, P. and Kuruppu, C.
4
V - Aquaculture and its environment
13 Mariculture, present trends and future prospects for Sri Lanka 285
K.H.M. Ashoka Deepananda
14
Ornamental fishes: trade and transport 315
Kiron, W. and Dhanasiri, A
15 A comparative study on quality changes of Arctic shrimp and
Tropical shrimp during freeze storage 331
Alam, N., Sirnes, E. and Solberg, C.
16 Human intervention triggered changes to inlet hydrodynamics
and tidal flushing of Koggala lagoon, Sri Lanka 347
Gunaratne, G.L., Tanaka, N.,Priyadarshana,T. and Manatunge, J.
17 Bio-monitoring and assessment of ecological process of
benthic invertebrate assemblages through pre and post trial-
impoundment of reservoir 369
Takahashi, Y., Asaeda, T., Fujino, T., and Priyadarshana, T.
18 Coarse particulate organic matter exports and characteristics of
fiber components during different flood events in the second
order stream 401
Fujino, T., Wityi, T., Asaeda, T., Takahashi, Y., and Priyadarshana,
T.
IV - The interdisciplinary nature of entrepreneurship: Building
together
19 The knowledge needed to generate before establishing an
Aquatic Theme Park in Sri Lanka 421
Priyadarshana, T. and Åmo, B.W
With contributions from: Bjørn Willy Åmo, Camilla Risvoll, Chamara
Kuruppu, Dorthe Eide, Frode Kjærland, Gihan Muthugala, Hiran
Jayewardene, Jagath Manatunge, Konstantin Timoshenko, Nimal
Wijerathna, Ove Jakobsen, Thor-Erik Sandberg Hanssen, Tilak
Priyadarshana, Tor Geir Kvinen and Øystein Jenssen.
5
6
Contributors
Pawan Adhikari received his Ph.D. in 2005 from Bodø Graduate School
of Business, University of Nordland, and is now associated with the same
institution. The major areas of his current research interest include
comparative public sector accounting, accounting standards, and
accounting history ([email protected]).
Amm urul Alam has completed his BSc in Animal Husbandry and MS in
Animal Nutrition from Bangladesh Agrocultural University. He has
completed his Master in Aquaculture (Major in Seafood Quality) from
FBA, UIN. His research areas include Fish, Large and small ruminants,
poultry, rabbit, animal feeds. For the past Eight years, he has maintained
a conceptual continuity in academic and professional pursuit of Animal
Science/Nutrition/Aquaculture excellence. ([email protected])
Takashi Asaeda received his Dr. of Engineering in 1982 from University
of Tokyo, Japan and he now works as Professor, Environmental Science
& Technology, Graduate school of Saitama University. His research
interests are aquatic ecological engineering and river environmental
engineering. ([email protected])
Larry Browning's research areas include the study of narratives,
complexity, the role of lists and stories in organizations, information-
communication technology, cooperation and competition in
organizations, and grounded theory as a research strategy. Browning’s
recent work emphasizes narrative theory and the study of complex
organizations. Professor Browning has also applied complexity theory
and narrative to Information/Communication Technologies ICTs
(2004), to the study of organizational sensemaking (2005), and to organizational failure
(2006). He works at The University of Texas at Austin, USA as a professor at the College
of Communication. ([email protected])
7
S.A. Budhika is a Marketing Graduate of University of Sri
Jayawardhanepura and obtained his Post Graduate Diploma in
Marketing from chartered Institute of Marketing UK. He is currently
attached to the Department of Marketing at University of Ruhuna as a
Lecturer in Marketing. His research interests include Consumer
Behaviour, Microfinance & Entrepreneurship. ([email protected])
K.H.M. Ashoka Deepananda received his M.Sc. in 2008 from University
of Bremen, Germany and he now works as a Lecturer at the
Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and
Marine Sciences & Technology, University of Ruhuna, Sri Lanka. His
research interest is on Fisheries, Aquaculture and Freshwater and
Marine Ecology. ([email protected])
Anusha K.S. Dhanasiri obtained her M.Sc degree in Aquaculture
from University of Nordland and is presently pursuing her Ph.D. at
the same institution. She is a lecturer at the Department of
Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries & Marine Sciences & Technology,
University of Ruhuna, Sri Lanka. Her research interests are in the
field of applied microbiology, bioremediation and ornamental fish
culture. ([email protected]]
Dorthe Eide is an associate professor in organizing and management at
Bodø Graduate School of Business, University of Nordland. She holds a
master degree within marketing and organizing (Buskerud University
College), and a Dr.Polit degree from University of Tromsø. Her doctorial
dissertation was about learning, knowing and innovation in service
work. She participate in a large research project (“Northern Insight”) on
experience based tourism where she is a researcher and the manager
of the work package on “Innovative and competitive tourism companies in the North”.
([email protected] )
Takeshi Fujino received his Ph.D. in 1996 from Saitama University
Japan and he now works as Associate Professor, Dept. of
Environmental Science & Technology, Graduate school of Saitama
University. His research interests are environmental engineering for
water treatment and micro-climatology in urban area.
([email protected])
8
G. K. Hemamali Ganewatta is working as a lecturer attached to the
Department of Management & Entrepreneurship, Faculty of
Management and Finance, University of Ruhuna from 2005. She has
earned a MBA in Business Administration. Her research interests are
within areas of networking, human capital, small and medium sector
development, use of ICT and Human Resource Management.
([email protected])
Gayan Lakendra Gunaratne is currently working as a Project
Researcher on a project of coastal lagoon restoration at Faculty of
Fisheries and Martine Sciences & Technology, University of Ruhuna,
Sri Lanka. Coastal wetland conservation, wetland eco-hydrology and
wetland hydrodynamics are his current research interests. He
received his M. Eng in 2010 from Saitama University Japan.
([email protected])
Levi Gårseth-Nesbakk, Ph.D., is employed as an associate professor at
Bodø Graduate School of Business at University of Nordland, and as an
adjunct professor at Trondheim Business School. Gårseth-Nesbakk
finished his Ph.D. in 2007 on “Experimentation with accrual accounting
at central government level in Norway”. He is teaching different
management control related courses (accounting, budgeting etc.) and
conducting research in accounting and associated management control topics. Examples
include accounting and budgeting models, -standards and -practices (national and
international), management of financial resources and profitability. (Levi.Garseth-
[email protected])
Thor-Erik Sandberg Hanssen is a Ph.D. candidate at Bodø Graduate
School of Business, the University of Nordland, and holds a masters
degree in business from the same institution. He conducts both basic
and applied research in transport economics. Recently his research has
been focused on improving the methodology used to measure
passengers’ valuation of travel time and on how policymakers can
facilitate the use of intermodal transport. ([email protected])
9
Description:8 The Impact of owner specific factors on growth of small 16 Human intervention triggered changes to inlet hydrodynamics recent work emphasizes narrative theory and the study of complex He conducts both basic . management implementation, applicability of TQM practices in the local.
