Clinical Radiation Oncology, 3rd Edition

1827 Pages·2011·167.02 MB·English

by  Leonard L. Gunderson MD MS FASTRO

Associate Editors
Jeffrey A. Bogart, MD Peter Mauch, MD, FASTRO
Professor and Chair Professor and Associate Chair
Department of Radiation Oncology Department of Radiation Oncology
Upstate Medical University Harvard Medical School;
Syracuse, New York Brigham and Women’s Hospital
THORACIC NEOPLASMS Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
Boston, Massachusetts
Thomas A. Buchholz, MD, FACR LYMPHOMA AND HEMATOLOGIC MALIGNANCIES
Professor and Chair
Department of Radiation Oncology; Minesh P. Mehta, MD, FASTRO
Director Professor
Breast Cancer Radiation Oncology Program Department of Radiation Oncology
University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center Northwestern University
Houston, Texas Northwestern Memorial Hospital
BREAST CANCER Chicago, Illinois
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM TUMORS
Robert L. Foote, MD, FASTRO
Professor and Chair Gillian M. Thomas, MD, FRCPC
Department of Radiation Oncology Professor
Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Mayo Clinic Departments of Radiation Oncology and Obstetrics/
Rochester, Minnesota Gynaecology
HEAD AND NECK TUMORS University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine;
Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre
Larry E. Kun, MD, FASTRO Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Professor GYNECOLOGIC TUMORS
Departments of Radiology and Pediatrics
University of Tennessee College of Medicine; Anthony L. Zietman, MD, FASTRO
Chair Jenot and William Shipley Professor
Department of Radiological Sciences Department of Radiation Oncology
St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital; Harvard Medical School
Pediatric Brain Tumor Consortium Massachusetts General Hospital
Memphis, Tennessee Boston, Massachusetts
CHILDHOOD CANCERS GENITOURINARY TUMORS
Clinical
Radiation
Oncology
Third Edition
Senior Editors
Leonard L. Gunderson, MD, MS, FASTRO Joel E. Tepper, MD, FASTRO
Emeritus Professor and Consultant Hector MacLean Distinguished Professor of
Department of Radiation Oncology Cancer Research
Mayo Clinic College of Medicine Department of Radiation Oncology
and Mayo Clinic University of North Carolina Lineberger
Scottsdale, Arizona Comprehensive Cancer Center
University of North Carolina School of
Medicine
Chapel Hill, North Carolina
1600 John F. Kennedy Blvd.
Ste 1800
Philadelphia, PA 19103-2899
CLINICAL RADIATION ONCOLOGY ISBN: 978-1-4377-1637-5
Copyright © 2012 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Copyright © 2007, 2000 by Churchill Livingstone, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
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Notices
Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and
experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or
medical treatment may become necessary.
Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in
evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein.
In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety
of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility.
With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identified, readers are advised to check
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on their own experience and knowledge of their patients, to make diagnoses, to determine
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precautions.
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Previous editions copyrighted 2007, 2000
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data or Control Number ISBN: 978-1-4377-1637-5
Acquisitions Editor: Delores Meloni
Developmental Editor: Mary Beth Murphy
Publishing Services Manager: Jeffrey Patterson
Senior Project Manager: Mary G. Stueck
Design Direction: Louis Forgione
Working together to grow
Printed in China libraries in developing countries
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Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Dedication
To Katheryn, my wife and best friend, to our children and To my family, including Laurie, Miriam, Adam, Abigail,
their spouses (Chad and Chrissy, Whitney and Jeff, Stacie Agustin, Zekariah, Zohar, Sammy, Marcelo, Jonah, and
and Nick, Ryan and Danna, Scott and Cindy), and to our Aurelio for the love and support they have given me for
grandchildren (Olivia and Adam; Rebecca, Andrew, Katie, many years.
and Matthew; Sam, Anna, Michael, and Ellie; Grant and Ian;
Landon, Parker, and Rhys) for their love and support. To my parents who taught me the importance of education,
learning, and doing that which should be done.
To my colleagues in Radiation Oncology, Surgery, Medical
Oncology, Internal Medicine, Radiology, and Pathology for To my many mentors who taught me in the past, and those
the opportunity to work together as a multidisciplinary team who continue to teach me.
in the diagnosis and care of our patients.
To my professional colleagues, both at the University of
LEONARD L. GUNDERSON North Carolina and around the country, who have made me
a better physician.
JOEL E. TEPPER
Acknowledgments
We wish to thank our wives, Katheryn and Laurie, and Dr. We acknowledge the editors and production staff at Elsevier,
Tepper’s secretary, Sandy Harvey, for their patience and especially Dolores Meloni, Mary Beth Murphy, and Mary
assistance during the many months we were involved in the Stueck, who have done an outstanding job in collating and
preparation of the third edition of Clinical Radiation Oncology. producing the third edition of Clinical Radiation Oncology.
Some important features, including the on-line version of the
We also thank the Associate Editors and the many chapter textbook, were added as a result of the fruitful collaboration
senior authors and co-authors for their time, efforts, and and interaction between ourselves and Dolores Meloni in the
outstanding contributions to this edition. planning phase of this third edition.

Contributors
Ross A. Abrams, MD, FACP, FACR, FASTRO Christopher A. Barker, MD
Professor and Chairman Chief Resident
Department of Radiation Oncology Department of Radiation Oncology
Rush University Medical Center Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center
Chicago, Illinois New York, New York
Chapter 46: Pancreatic Cancer Chapter 18: Total Body Irradiation
Michelle Alonso-Basanta, MD, PhD Lawrence S. Baszkowsky, MD
Department of Radiation Oncology Instructor
Abramson Cancer Center Department of Medicine
University of Pennsylvania Harvard Medical School;
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Assistant Physician, Hematology/Oncology
Chapter 35: Salivary Gland Malignancies Massachusetts General Hospital
Boston, Massachusetts
Bethany M. Anderson, MD
Chapter 8: Principles of Chemotherapy
Assistant Professor
Department of Human Oncology Jonathan J. Beitler, MD, MBA, FACR
University of Wisconsin Professor of Radiation Oncology;
Madison, Wisconsin Professor (Secondary Appointment)
Chapter 26: Benign Brain Tumors: Meningiomas and Vestibular Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery;
Schwannomas Hematology and Medical Oncology;
Member
Kenneth C. Anderson, MD
Winship Cancer Institute
Kraft Family Professor of Medicine
Emory University School of Medicine
Department of Medicine
Atlanta, Georgia
Harvard Medical School;
Chapter 34: Sinonasal Cancer
Medical Director
Kraft Family Blood Center A. William Blackstock, Jr., MD
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Professor and Chair
Physician, Oncology Department of Radiation Oncology
Brigham and Women’s Hospital Wake Forest University Comprehensive Cancer Center
Boston, Massachusetts Winston-Salem, North Carolina
Chapter 76: Multiple Myeloma and Other Plasma Cell Chapter 43: Cancer of the Esophagus
Neoplasms
Jeffrey A. Bogart, MD, FASTRO
K. Kian Ang, MD, PhD Professor and Chair
Professor and Gilbert H. Fletcher Memorial Distinguished Endowed Department of Radiation Oncology
Chair Upstate Medical University
Department of Radiation Oncology Syracuse, New York
University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center Disease Sites, Part C, Thoracic Neoplasms: Overview
Houston, Texas
James A. Bonner, MD
Disease Sites, Part B, Head and Neck Tumors: Overview;
Merle M. Salter Professor and Chairman
Chapter 33: Larynx and Hypopharynx Cancer; Chapter 34:
Department of Radiation Oncology
Sinonasal Cancer; Chapter 39: Cutaneous Carcinoma; Chapter 40:
University of Alabama at Birmingham
Malignant Melanoma
Birmingham, Alabama
Douglas W. Arthur, MD Chapter 4: Interaction of Chemotherapy and Radiation;
Professor and Vice-Chairman Chapter 32: Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Department of Radiation Oncology
J. Daniel Bourland, MSPH, PhD
Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center
Associate Professor
Richmond, Virginia
Department of Radiation Oncology
Chapter 60: Noninvasive Breast Cancer
Wake Forest University School of Medicine
Gregory D. Avey, MD Winston-Salem, North Carolina
Department of Radiology Chapter 6: Radiation Oncology Physics
University of Wisconsin
John Breneman, MD
School of Medicine and Public Health
Charles M. Barrett Professor of Radiation Oncology
Madison, Wisconsin
University of Cincinnati
Chapter 31: Oropharyngeal Cancer
Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center
Matthew T. Ballo, MD Cincinnati, Ohio
Professor Chapter 73: Rare Pediatric Tumors
Department of Radiation Oncology;
Associate Medical Director
Regional Care Centers
University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center
Houston, Texas
Chapter 40: Malignant Melanoma
viii CONTRIBUTORS
Paul D. Brown, MD Charles Catton, MD, FRCPC
Professor Professor
Department of Radiation Oncology Department of Radiation Oncology
University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center Princess Margaret Hospital
Houston, Texas Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Chapter 24: Low-Grade Gliomas Chapter 63: Soft Tissue Sarcoma
Thomas A. Buchholz, MD, FACR Bruce A. Chabner, MD
Professor and Chair Professor
Department of Radiation Oncology; Department of Medicine
Director Harvard Medical School;
Breast Cancer Radiation Oncology Program Director of Clinical Research
University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center MGH Cancer Center
Houston, Texas Massachusetts General Hospital
Disease Sites, Part G, Breast Cancer: Overview; Chapter 62: Boston, Massachusetts
Breast Cancer: Postmastectomy Radiation Therapy, Locally Chapter 8: Principles of Chemotherapy
Advanced Disease, and Inflammatory Breast Cancer
Michael D. Chan, MD
Jeffrey C. Buchsbaum, MD, PhD, AM Assistant Professor
Radiation Oncologist Department of Radiation Oncology
Indiana University Health Proton Therapy Center; Wake Forest University Health Sciences
Associate Professor Winston-Salem, North Carolina
Departments of Radiation Oncology and Pediatrics Chapter 26: Benign Brain Tumors: Meningiomas and Vestibular
Indiana University School of Medicine Schwannomas
Bloomington, Indiana
Sam T. Chao, MD
Chapter 69: Retinoblastoma
Brain Tumor and Neuro-oncology Center
Michael Burke, MD Department of Radiation Oncology
Space Coast Medical Imaging Cleveland Clinic
Melbourne, Florida Cleveland, Ohio
Chapter 9: Imaging in Oncology Chapter 27: Pituitary Tumors
Steven J. Buskirk, MD Peter Chung, MD, FRCPC
Professor of Radiation Oncology Assistant Professor
Mayo Clinic College of Medicine; Department of Radiation Oncology
Consultant University of Toronto;
Department of Radiation Oncology Princess Margaret Hospital
Mayo Clinic Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Jacksonville, Florida Chapter 63: Soft Tissue Sarcoma
Chapter 54: Kidney and Ureteral Carcinoma
John J. Coen, MD
Stuart K. Calderwood, PhD Department of Radiation Oncology
Associate Professor of Radiation Oncology Harvard Medical School
Harvard Medical School; Massachusetts General Hospital
Director Boston, Massachusetts
Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology Chapter 52: Bladder Cancer
Department of Radiation Oncology
Louis S. Constine, MD
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
Professor
Boston, Massachusetts
Department of Radiation Oncology and Pediatrics;
Chapter 2: Molecular and Cellular Biology
Vice Chair
Matthew D. Callister, MD Department of Radiation Oncology
Assistant Professor of Radiation Oncology James P. Wilmot Cancer Center
Mayo Clinic College of Medicine; University of Rochester Medical Center
Consultant Rochester, New York
Department of Radiation Oncology Chapter 13: Survivorship and Late Effects; Chapter 72:
Mayo Clinic Pediatric Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Scottsdale, Arizona
Benjamin W. Corn, MD
Chapter 45: Gastric/GE Junction Cancer; Chapter 50: Anal
Professor of Oncology
Carcinoma
Tel Aviv University School of Medicine;
Felipe A. Calvo, MD Chairman
Professor and Chair Institute of Radiotherapy
Department of Oncology Tel Aviv Medical Center
Hospital General Universitario Tel Aviv, Israel
Hospital General Universaro Chapter 25: High-Grade Gliomas
Gregorio Marañón
Allan Covens, MD, FRCSC
Madrid, Spain
Head, Gynecologic Oncology
Chapter 45: Gastric/GE Junction Cancer
Obstetrics and Gynecology
George M. Cannon, MD Sunnybrook Health Science Center;
Department of Human Oncology Professor
University of Wisconsin Obstetrics and Gynecology
School of Medicine and Public Health University of Toronto
Madison, Wisconsin Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Chapter 31: Oropharyngeal Cancer Chapter 59: Ovarian Cancer
CONTRIBUTORS ix
Oana Craciunescu, PhD Jeffrey S. Dome, MD, PhD
Associate Professor of Radiation Oncology Division Chief
Duke University Medical Center Oncology and Principal Investigator
Durham, North Carolina Children’s Research Institute (CRI)
Chapter 21: Hyperthermia Center for Cancer and Immunology Research (CCIR)
Children’s National Medical Center;
Carien L. Creutzberg, MD, PhD
Professor of Pediatrics
Associate Professor of Radiation Oncology
George Washington University
Department of Clinical Oncology
School of Medicine and Health Sciences
Leiden University Medical Center
Washington, DC
Leiden, The Netherlands
Chapter 68: Wilms’ Tumor
Chapter 57: Endometrial Cancer
John H. Donohue, MD
Juanita Crook, MD, FCRPC
Professor of Surgery
Department of Radiation Oncology
Department of Surgery
British Columbia Cancer Agency
Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Mayo Clinic
Cancer Center for the Southern Interior
Rochester, Minnesota
Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
Chapter 7: Surgical Principles
Chapter 55: Penile Cancer
Thierry Duprez, MD
Walter J. Curran, Jr., MD, FACR
Professor
Lawrence W. Davis Chair of Radiation Oncology
Department of Diagnostic Radiology
Emory University School of Medicine;
Head and Neck Oncology Program
Medical Director
Université Catholique de Louvain
Emory Winship Cancer Institute
Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc
Atlanta, Georgia
Service de Radiologie, RMN
Chapter 41: Small Cell Lung Cancer
Brussels, Belgium
Brian G. Czito, MD Chapter 38: Management of the Neck
Associate Professor of Radiation Oncology
Pinaki Dutta, MD, PhD
Duke University Medical Center
Department of Radiation Oncology
Durham, North Carolina
Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center
Chapter 16: Intraoperative Irradiation; Chapter 48: Colon
Rockville Centre, New York
Cancer
Chapter 35: Salivary Gland Malignancies
Shiva Das, PhD
Jason A. Efstathiou, MD, PhD
Professor of Radiation Oncology
Department of Radiation Oncology
Duke University Medical Center
Brigham and Women’s Hospital
Durham, North Carolina
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
Chapter 21: Hyperthermia
Boston, Massachusetts
Marc David, MD, FRCPC Chapter 52: Bladder Cancer
Assistant Professor
Avraham Eisbruch, MD
McGill University Faculty of Medicine;
Professor
Montreal General Hospital
University of Michigan
Montreal, Quebec, Canada
Ann Arbor, Michigan
Chapter 23: Metastatic Disease: Bone, Spinal Cord, Brain,
Chapter 15: Conformal Therapy and Intensity-Modulated
Liver, and Lung
Radiation Therapy: Treatment Planning, Treatment Delivery, and
Thomas F. DeLaney, MD Clinical Results
Medical Director
Mary Feng, MD
Francis H. Burr Proton Therapy Center
Assistant Professor
Department of Radiation Oncology
Department of Radiation Oncology
Massachusetts General Hospital;
University of Michigan
Associate Professor of Radiation Oncology
School of Medicine
Harvard Medical School
Ann Arbor, Michigan
Boston, Massachusetts
Chapter 47: Hepatobiliary Cancer
Chapter 19: Charged Particle Radiotherapy
Rui P. Fernandes, DMD, MD, FACS
Mark Dewhirst, DVM, PhD
Assistant Professor
Gustavo S. Montana Professor of Radiation Oncology
Department of Surgery
Duke University Medical Center
Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery;
Durham, North Carolina
Chief
Chapter 21: Hyperthermia
Section of Head and Neck Cancer
Colleen Dickie, MSc, MRT(T)(MR) Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery;
Sarcoma Research Radiation Therapist Program Director
Radiation Medicine Department Microvascular Fellowship
Princess Margaret Hospital University of Florida College of Medicine
Toronto, Ontario, Canada Jacksonville, Florida
Chapter 63: Soft Tissue Sarcoma Chapter 30: Oral Cavity Cancer
Julia R. Fielding, MD
Professor of Radiology
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Chapel Hill, North Carolina
Chapter 9: Imaging in Oncology