Table Of Content
Transportation systems in
buildings
CIBSE Guide D
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retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means
without the prior permission of the Institution.
© November 2000 The Chartered Institution of Building
Services Engineers London
Registered charity number 278104
ISBN 1 903287 09 X
This document is based on the best knowledge available at
the time of publication. However no responsibility of any
kind for any injury, death, loss, damage or delay however
caused resulting from the use of these recommendations can
be accepted by the Chartered Institution of Building Services
Engineers, the authors or others involved in its publication.
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arising out of or in connection with such use as aforesaid
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Typeset by CIBSE Publications Department
Printed in Great Britain by Page Bros. (Norwich) Ltd.,
Norwich, Norfolk, NR6 6SA
Note from the publisher
This publication is primarily intended to provide guidance to those responsible for the
design, installation, commissioning, operation and maintenance of building services. It is
not intended to be exhaustive or definitive and it will be necessary for users of the guidance
given to exercise their own professional judgement when deciding whether to abide by or
depart from it.
Cover illustration by Fred English; reproduced by courtesy of Ove Arup & Partners International Ltd
Foreword
This second edition of CIBSE Guide D: Transportation systems in buildings is the result of
extensive review and revision by a dedicated and enthusiastic team comprising lift and
escalator specialists and building services engineers.
It is very significant that this work was undertaken on an entirely voluntary basis. Both the
time and resources generously provided by those involved, including their companies, were
very considerable.
The principal authors of the sections, in collaboration with me as the chairman of the Guide
Steering Committee, were responsible for working individually or appointing their own
team of contributors to undertake the drafting, checking and proofreading of the text. I
wish to express my sincere thanks to all those who contributed their valuable time and
expertise.
All those involved in its production hope that both CIBSE members and other users will
find this revised edition a valuable source of reference and guidance. However, constructive
criticism and comment is welcomed in order to improve and extend the guidance
contained.
Finally, I wish to acknowledge the very valuable assistance of the staff of the CIBSE
Publications Department, the CIBSE Lifts Group and the members of the Guide D
Steering Committee.
PH Day
Chairman, CIBSE Guide D Steering Committee
Guide D Steering Committee
Peter Day (Chairman) (engineering consultant)
Dr Lutfi Al-Sharif (London Underground Ltd)
Dr Gina Barney (Lerch, Bates and Associates Ltd; UMIST)
David Cooper (Lecs UK Ltd)
Stuart East (John Noad (Building Environment) Ltd)
Roger Howkins (Ove Arup & Partners International Ltd)
Peter Jones (PJ Lift Consultancy)
Patrick Moore (BSC Consulting)
Dr Richard Peters (Peters Research Ltd)
Derek Smith (Otis Ltd)
John Snowball (Steven Morris Associates (Bromley) Ltd)
Dr Albert So (City University of Hong Kong)
Ken Butcher (Secretary) (CIBSE)
Principal authors, contributors and acknowledgements
Section 1: Introduction
Principal author (first and second editions):
Peter Day (engineering consultant)
Contributors (first edition):
Dr Gina Barney (Lerch, Bates and Associates Ltd; UMIST)
Ken Butcher (CIBSE)
Section 2: Interior circulation
Principal author (first and second editions):
Dr Gina Barney (Lerch, Bates and Associates Ltd; UMIST)
Section 3: Traffic planning and selection of lift equipment and
performance
Principal author (first and second editions):
Dr Gina Barney (Lerch, Bates and Associates Ltd; UMIST)
Contributor (second edition):
Dr Richard Peters (Peters Research Ltd)
Acknowledgement:
Craig Pearce (Arup Australia)
Section 4: Advanced planning techniques and computer programs
Principal author:
Dr Richard Peters (Peters Research Ltd)
Acknowledgements:
Dr Gina Barney (Lerch, Bates and Associates Ltd; UMIST)
Roger Howkins (Ove Arup & Partners International Ltd)
Section 5: Types of transportation systems
Principal authors (second edition):
Peter Jones (PJ Lift Consultancy)
John Carroll (Ove Arup & Partners International Ltd)
Contributors (second edition):
John Gale (Elevator World)
Paul Johnson (Mitsubishi)
Michael Ling (deceased) (Alimak Ltd)
E Studer (Telefuni-AG)
Authors and contributors (first edition):
Roy Bailey (Watkins Payne and Partners)
Paul Baker (Otis Ltd)
Jerry Brace (Otis Handling)
Bob Challans (Faber Consulting Engineers)
P Eagling (Kone Lifts Ltd)
Simon Gray (Geoffrey Wilkinson (City) Ltd)
Peter Jones (PJ Lift Consultancy)
Michael Ling (deceased) (Alimak Ltd)
Anthony Neighbour (Schindler Ltd)
D Rich (Schindler Ltd)
Adrian Shiner (Kone Lifts Ltd)
Derek Smith (Otis Ltd)
Barry Wheeler (Otis Ltd)
Section 6: Firefighting lifts and lifts for disabled persons
Principal author (first and second editions):
Derek Smith (Otis Ltd)
Coniributors (first edition):
Simon Gray (Geoffrey Wilkinson (City) Ltd)
Gerald Honey (The Gerald Honey Partnership)
Roger Howkins (Ove Arup & Partners International Ltd)
Section 7: Lift components and installation
Principal author (first and second editions):
Derek Smith (Otis Ltd)
Contributor (first edition):
Adrian Shiner (Kone plc)
Section 8: Lift drives and controls
Principal authors (first and second editions):
Adrian Shiner (Kone plc)
Derek Smith (Otis Ltd)
Contributor (first edition):
Dr Gina Barney (Lerch, Bates and Associates Ltd; UMIST)
Section 9: Lift group traffic control
Principal author:
Dr Lutfi Al-Sharif (London Underground Ltd)
Dr Albert So (City University of Hong Kong)
Section 10: Escalators and passenger conveyors
Principal authors:
Dr Lutfi Al-Sharif (London Underground Ltd)
David Cooper (Lecs UK Ltd)
Peter Jones (PJ Lift Consultancy)
Section 11: Electrical systems
Principal author (first and second editions):
Patrick Moore (BSC Consulting Ltd)
Section 12: Environmental conditions
Principal authors (second edition):
Stuart East John Noad (Building Environment) Ltd)
John Newbold (SVM Lift Consult Ltd)
Principal authors (first edition):
Stuart East (John Noad (Building Environment) Ltd)
Steve Taylor (SVM Lift Consult Ltd)
Contributor (first edition and second editions):
Stuart Morgan (Hann Tucker Associates)
Section 13: Lift and escalator energy consumption
Principal author:
Dr Lutfi Al-Sharif (London Underground Ltd)
Section 14: Remote monitoring and interfacing with Bems
Principal author (second edition):
Dr Richard Peters (Peters Research Ltd)
Contributors (second edition):
Dr Gina Barney (Lerch, Bates and Associates Ltd; UMIST)
Derek Smith (Otis Ltd)
Dr Albert So (City University of Hong Kong)
Authors and contributors (first edition):
Peter Day (Land Securities plc)
Dr Gina Barney (Lerch, Bates and Associates Ltd; UMIST)
Chris Chapman (Trend Control Systems Ltd)
Section 15: Commissioning, inspection and maintenance
Principal author:
David Cooper (Lecs UK Ltd)
Section 16: Modernisation of lift installations
Principal authors:
Peter Day (engineering consultant)
Roger Howkins (Ove Arup & Partners International Ltd)
Contributor:
Ish Buckingham (Elevation)
Acknowledgements:
Land Securities Properties Ltd
Otis Ltd
The CIBSE gratefully acknowledges Elevator World for permission to reproduce extensive
extracts from the Lift Modernisation Design Guide by R E Howkins
Section 17: Legislation, standards and codes of practice
Principal authors:
John Snowball (Steven Morris Associates (Bromley) Ltd)
Dr Gina Barney (Lerch, Bates and Associates Ltd; UMIST)
Section 18: Construction (Design and Management) Regulations
1994
Principal author (section 18.1):
Peter Day (engineering consultant)
Acknowledgement:
This section is based on guidelines to the CDM Regulations produced by the Lift and
Escalator Industry Association (formerly the National Association of Lift Makers). The
CIBSE gratefully acknowledges the LEIA for permission to reproduce these guidelines in
full.
Appendix A1: Glossary of terms
Principal authors:
Dr Gina Barney (Lerch, Bates and Associates Ltd; UMIST)
David Cooper (Lecs UK Ltd)
John Inglis (Amron Resources)
Acknowledgement:
This section is reproduced from the Elevator and Escalator Micropaedia by G C Barney,
D A Cooper and J Inglis, published by the International Association of Elevator
Engineers. The CIBSE gratefully acknowledges the IAEE for permission to reproduce
this glossary in full.
Editor
Ken Butcher
CIBSE Publishing Manager
Jacqueline Balian
Contents
1 Introduction
11 Origins of transportation systems in buildings
1.2 Purpose of Guide D
1.3 Contents of Guide D
1.4 Other sources of information
2 Interior circulation
2.1 Introduction
2.2 General
2.3 Human factors
2.4 Circulation elements
25 Circulation in shopping centres
2.6 Other types of buildings
2.7 Location and arrangement of transportation facilities
References
Acknowledgement
3 Traffic planning and selection of equipment and performance
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Assessment of demand
3.3 Calculation of up peak performance
3.4 Determination of the six parameters in the RTT equation
3.5 Limitations and assumptions in the derivation of the RTT
equation and methods for their correction
3.6 Estimation of passenger average waiting times
3.7 Consideration by lift functions
3.8 Consideration by building forms
3.9 Consideration by building function
References
Acknowledgement
4 Advanced planning techniques and computer programs
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Up peak calculation using computer software
4.3 Passenger traffic
4.4 General analysis
45 General analysis for double deck lifts
46 Simulation
47 Evaluating proprietary analysis software
References
Appendix 4.A1: Lift kinematics
Appendix 4.A2: Up peak formulae
Appendix 4.A3: General analysis formulae
Appendix 4.A4: General analysis formulae for double deck lifts
5 Types of transportation systems
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Passenger lifts
5.3
Observation lifts
5.4 Lifts for the aged and people with disabilities
5.5 Goods lifts
5.6 Service lifts
5.7 Motor vehicle lifts
5.8 Rack and pinion lifts
5.9 Explosion protected lifts
5.10 Inclined lifts
5.11 Scissor lifts
5.12 Home and stair lifts
5.13 Platform hoists
5.14 Future concepts
References
6 Firefighting lifts and escape lifts for people with disabilities
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Need for firefighting lifts
6.3 Design considerations for firefighting lifts
6.4 Inspection, testing and maintenance of firefighting lifts
6.5 Escape lifts for disabled people
References
7 Lift components and installation
71 Introduction
72 Electric traction drives
73 Hydraulic drives
74 Controller cabinet
75 Guide rails
7.6 Counterweight
77 Lift car
7.8 Door operators
79 Door configurations
7.10 Overspeed governors
7.11 Safety gear
7.12 Buffers
7.13 Ropes
7.14 Roping systems
7.15 Car and landing fixtures
References
8 Lift drives and controls
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Lift controllers
8.3 Controller technology
8.4 Control of lift drives
8.5 Control of door operators
8.6 Group control
References
7-1
7-8
7-11
7-11
7-13
7-13
7-15
7-17
7-19
7-20
7-22
7-23
7-25
7-27
7-28
8-1
8-1
8-2
8-3
8-5
8-11
8-11
8-12
9 Lift group traffic control
9.1 Purpose of group control
9.2 Evaluation of group control performance
9.3 Control algorithms
9.4 Use of artificial intelligence in group control
95 Methods of detecting traffic patterns and peak traffic
9.6 Bunching
9.7 Computer vision-based contro}
9.8 Methods of implementation
9.9 Data logging methods for evaluating actual performance
9.10 Group contro! back-up
References
Bibliography
10 Escalators and passenger conveyors
10.1 Introduction
10.2. Layout and principal components
10.3 Safety aspects
10.4 Motor sizing and selection
10.5 Escalator motor drives and methods of starting
10.6 Environmental aspects
10.7 Noise and vibration
10.8 Installation
References
V1 Electrical systems
111 Introduction
11.2 Power supplies
11.3 Harmonic distortion and interference
11.4 — Design and installation considerations
References
12 Environmental conditions
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Machine room temperature
12.3 Ventilation
12.4 Methods of heating
12.5 Methods of cooling
12.6 Human comfort considerations
12.7 Environment for maintenance
References
Appendix 12.A1: Typical specification
13 Lift and escalator energy consumption
13.1 Lifts
13.2 Escalators
References
