Cheng-Teh James Huang_ Yen-hui Audrey Li_ Andrew Simpson-The handbook of Chinese ...

679 Pages·2012·5.64 MB·English

The Handbook of
Chinese Linguistics
Blackwell Handbooks in Linguistics
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The Handbook of
Chinese Linguistics
Edited by
C.-T. James Huang, Y.-H. Audrey Li,
and Andrew Simpson
This edition first published 2014
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
The handbook of Chinese linguistics / C.-T. James Huang, Y.-H. Audrey Li, Andrew Simpson.
pages cm. – (Blackwell handbooks in linguistics)
Includes index.
ISBN 978-0-470-65534-4 (hardback)
1. Chinese language–Handbooks, manuals, etc.
PL1071.H39 2014
495.1–dc23
2013038492
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Cover image: © Artellia / Dreamstime.com
Cover design by Workhaus
Set in 10/12 pt Palationo LT Std by Toppan Best-set Premedia Limited
1 2014
Contents
List of Figures vii
List of Tables ix
Notes on Contributors x
Foreword xiv
Part I Syntax, Semantics, and Morphology 1
1 Morphology 3
Wei-Wen Roger Liao
2 Classifiers 26
Francesca del Gobbo
3 Adverbial Adjuncts in Mandarin Chinese 49
Thomas Ernst
4 Light Verbs 73
T.-H. Jonah Lin
5 Topic and Focus 100
Shu-Ing Shyu
6 Aspect 126
Hooi Ling Soh
7 Sentence-Final Particles 156
Andrew Simpson
8 Wh-Expressions in Mandarin Chinese 180
Jo-Wang Lin
9 Quantification and Scope 208
Yen-Hui Audrey Li
10 The Syntactic Structure of Noun Phrases 248
Lisa L.-S. Cheng and Rint Sybesma
11 Ellipsis 275
Yen-Hui Audrey Li and Ting-Chi Wei
12 Causal VVs in Mandarin 311
Alexander Williams
13 Comparatives 342
Chen-Sheng Luther Liu
vi Contents
Part II Phonetics, Phonology, and Prosody 367
14 Chinese Phonetics 369
Wai-Sum Lee and Eric Zee
15 Segmental Phonology 400
Yen-Hwei Lin
16 Syllable Structure and Stress 422
San Duanmu
17 Tones, Tonal Phonology, and Tone Sandhi 443
Jie Zhang
18 Prosody and Syntax 465
Andrew Simpson
Part III Language Acquisition and Psycholinguistics 493
19 Bilingual and Multilingual Acquisition of Chinese 495
Stephen Matthews and Virginia Yip
20 Neurocognitive Approaches to the Processing of Chinese 511
Ping Li, Hua Shu, and Youyi Liu
Part IV Historical Linguistics 535
21 Historical Syntax of Chinese 537
Shengli Feng
22 Historical Phonology of Chinese 576
Zev Handel
Part V Morpho-Syntax of Other Non-Mandarin Varieties of Chinese 599
23 Aspects of Cantonese Grammar 601
Sze-Wing Tang and Siu-Pong Cheng
24 Taiwanese Hokkien/Southern Min 629
Miao-Ling Hsieh
Index 657
List of Figures
14.1(a–d) Superimposed F contours on the bisyllabic compound words
0
in Beijing Mandarin with the final syllable in the neutral tone
([0]) and one of the citation tones [55 35 214 51] on the initial
syllable (male speaker). 376
14.2(a–d) Superimposed F contours on the trisyllabic compound words
0
in Beijing Mandarin with the final syllable in the neutral
tone ([0]) and one of the citation tones [55 35 214 51] on the
initial and second syllable (male speaker). 377
14.3(a–d) Superimposed F contours on the trisyllabic compound words
0
in Beijing Mandarin with the second syllable in the neutral tone
([0]) and one of the citation tones [55 35 214 51] on the initial
and final syllable (male speaker). 378
14.4 Formant trajectories of the monosyllabic word [ɚ35] “child” 儿;
Section (a) = [ə], Section (b) = [ə]-to-[ɚ] transition, and
Section (c) = [ɚ] (female speaker). 381
14.5(a–g) Formant frequency trajectories of the [ɚ]-suffixed vowels [i-ɚ],
[y-ɚ], [ɿ-ɚ], , [a-ɚ], [u-ɚ], and [ɤ-ɚ] (female speaker). 382
14.6(a–g) Formant frequency trajectories of the plain vowels [i], [y], [ɿ],
, [a], [u], and [ɤ] (female speaker). 383
14.7(a–g) EMMA data on the tongue shapes and tongue positions at
the temporal points of approximately 10%, 50%, and 90% of
the total duration of the vowels with [ɚ]-suffixation (female
speaker facing to the left). 384
14.8(a–g) EMMA data on the tongue shapes and tongue positions
at the temporal points of approximately 10%, 50%, and 90%
of the total duration of the plain vowels (female speaker
facing to the left). 385
14.9(a–b) (i) EMMA data on tongue shapes and tongue positions for
the Beijing Mandarin apical vowels [ɿ] and (in dark thin
line) of the syllables [sɿ˥] “silk” and “teacher” and the
syllables [tsɿ˥] “capital” and “juice”; (ii) tongue shapes
and tongue positions for the Beijing Mandarin dorsal vowels
viii List of Figures
[i a u] (in light thin line); and (iii) palate contour
(in dark thick line) (female speaker facing to the left). 390
14.10 Schematized spectrographic assemblies of the vowel [i] of
[i˥] “clothes” and apical vowels [ɿ] of [sɿ˥] “silk” and [tsɿ˥]
“capital” and of “teacher” and “juice” in
Beijing Mandarin (female speaker). 391
14.11(a–e) Palatograms (upper) and linguograms (lower) of [cʰ] of
[cʰɔ] “tomato,” [ɲ] of [ɲau] “urine,” [ɲ] of [ɲi] “ear,” [ç] of [çɔ]
“boot,” and [ç] of [çi] “to hope” in Meixian Kejia
(male speaker). 393
14.12(a–e) Palatograms (upper) and linguograms (lower) of [s] of
[sɿ˥] “silk,” [ʂ] of “teacher,” [ts] of [tsɿ˥] “capital,” [tʂ]
of “juice,” and [ɹ] of “the Sun” in Beijing Mandarin
(female speaker). 395
20.1 Selected brain regions showing significant activation
differences between familiar (Chinese/English) and unfamiliar
(Italian/Japanese) stimulus conditions in the language
discrimination task. Activation maps and time course results
indicate that (a) unfamiliar languages elicited stronger
activations than familiar languages in the inferior frontal
gyrus (IFG; number indicating coordinates) in the left
hemisphere (the side marked with L), while (b) familiar
languages elicited stronger activations than unfamiliar
languages in the left inferior temporal gyrus (ITG). Error
bars indicate standard errors of the mean. 518
20.2 Surface 3D images display brain regions that responded
more strongly in the noun and verb conditions as compared
with the baseline condition, for Chinese (a) and English
(b), respectively. No significant differences were found
between the Chinese and English in the activation
patterns for nouns and verbs. 521
20.3 Mean number of nouns, verbs, and adjectives learned by a
connectionist model at different lexical development stages for
(a) Chinese, and (b) English. Results are averaged across ten
simulations. 523
20.4 Grand average ERPs across nine electrodes under the
three experimental conditions: congruous sentences
(dark solid line), sentences that contain semantic violations
(dashed line) and sentences that contain both semantic and
syntactic violations (light solid line). 526
22.1 Traditional view of the Chinese language family. 578
22.2 Excerpt from the beginning of Guǎngyùn. 581
22.3 The first table of Yùnjìng. 583