Charles Murray - Human Diversity Gender, Race, Class, and Genes

796 Pages·2020·10.626 MB·English

by  Charles Murray

Copyright
Copyright © 2020 by Cox and Murray, Inc.
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Library of Congress Control Number: 2019952691
ISBNs: 978-1-5387-4401-7 (hardcover), 978-1-5387-4400-0
(ebook)
E3-20191205-JV-NF-ORI
Contents
Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Dedication
Epigraph
A Note on Presentation
Introduction
Part I
“Gender Is a Social Construct”
1. A Framework for Thinking About Sex Differences
2. Sex Differences in Personality
3. Sex Differences in Neurocognitive Functioning
4. Sex Differences in Educational and Vocational Choices
5. Sex Differences in the Brain
Part II
“Race Is a Social Construct”
6. A Framework for Thinking About Race Differences
7. Genetic Distinctiveness Among Ancestral Populations
8. Evolution Since Humans Left Africa
9. The Landscape of Ancestral Population Differences
Part III
“Class Is a Function of Privilege”
10. A Framework for Thinking About Heritability and Class
11. The Ubiquity of Heritability and the Small Role of the
Shared Environment
12. Abilities, Personality, and Success
13. Constraints and Potentials
Part IV
Looking Ahead
14. The Shape of the Revolution
15. Reflections and Speculations
Acknowledgments
Discover More
About the Author
Appendix 1: Statistics for People Who Are Sure They
Can’t Learn Statistics
Appendix 2: Sexual Dimorphism in Humans
Appendix 3: Sex Differences in Brain Volumes and
Variance
Notes
References
To Harlan Crow
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I remember once being entreated not to read a
certain newspaper lest it might change my opinion
upon free-trade. “Lest I might be entrapped by its
fallacies and misstatements,” was the form of
expression. “You are not,” my friend said, “a special
student of political economy. You might, therefore,
easily be deceived by fallacious arguments upon
the subject. You might, then, if you read this paper,
be led to believe in protection. But you admit that
free-trade is the true doctrine; and you do not wish
to believe what is not true.”
—Charles Sanders Peirce
“The Fixation of Belief,” 1877
A Note on Presentation
Human Diversity is grounded in highly technical literatures
involving genetics, neuroscience, and statistics. It must
satisfy two audiences with completely different priorities:
my intended reader and the experts.
I’ve always thought of my intended reader as someone
who enjoys reading the science section of the New York
Times—curious about scientific matters, but someone who
wants the gist of the science, not the minutiae. I need to
keep the narrative moving. But I am conveying material
that often has daunting technical complexities. Readers also
need to be able to compare my claims with the details of the
underlying evidence. I use my three favorite devices: Boxed
text introduces related issues that are interesting but not
essential. Appendixes provide full-scale discussions of
important ancillary issues. Endnotes expand on points in
the main text. But Human Diversity uses these devices,
especially the endnotes, even more extensively than I have
in the past. Some of the endnotes are full-scale essays,
complete with tables. Brackets around a callout number for
an endnote indicate that it contains at least a substantial
paragraph of additional exposition.
For this complicated book, I have had to add a fourth
device. In the past, I have usually been able to avoid
technical jargon in the main text. Human Diversity doesn’t
give me that option. Too much material cannot be discussed
without using technical terms that will be new to many
readers. I therefore insert periodic interludes in the text to
explain them.
I have also tried to make the book more accessible by my