Canadian aquaCulture

136 Pages·2015·9.76 MB·English

Canadian
aquaCulture
R&D
Review
2015
inSide
› Can filter-feeding bivalveS
ingeSt planktoniC Sea liCe,
leading to reduCed Sea liCe
numberS on Cultivated Salmon?
› development of teChniqueS
to promote the Survival
and growth of walleye
(Sander VitreuS) larvae in
intenSive Culture
› analySiS of the inCidenCe of
atlantiC Salmon deformitieS
in produCtion – environmental
or genetiCS?
› prediCtive modeling for
paralytiC ShellfiSh poiSoning
in bayneS Sound, bC
AquAculture AssociAtion of cAnAdA speciAl publicAtion 24
canadian Aquaculture r&d review 2015
AAc special publication #24
isbn: 978-0-9881415-5-1
© 2015 Aquaculture Association of canada
cover photo (front): Juvenile california sea cucumber, Parastichopus californicus, perched on
an oyster clump amid a forest of oyster culture strings (photo courtesy of dan curtis – dfo)
photo inside cover (front): new brunswick aquaculture site (photo: dfo)
photo cover (back): Shutterstock
photo inside cover (back): rainbow trout hatchlings, new dundee ontario (photo: dfo)
the canadian Aquaculture r&d review 2015 has been published with support provided by fisheries
and oceans canada’s Aquaculture collaborative research and development program (Acrdp) and
the Aquaculture Association of canada (AAc). submitted materials may have been edited for length
and writing style. projects not included in this edition should be submitted before the deadline to be
set for the next edition.
editors: dan Mcphee, tara donaghy, Johannie duhaime, and G. Jay parsons
cited as: d Mcphee, t donaghy, J duhaime, and GJ parsons (eds). canadian Aquaculture
r&d review 2015. Aquaculture Association of canada special publication 24 (2015)
canadian aquaculture r&d review 2015
table of
ContentS
❙ FinFish: Freshwater ....................................3
❙ FinFish: salmon ...........................................15
❙ sea lice ..............................................................28
❙ Fish health .....................................................38
❙ environmental interactions ........54
❙ cimtan ..............................................................69
❙ shellFish: mussels ....................................80
❙ shellFish: oysters .....................................88
❙ shellFish: other .........................................97
❙ miscellaneous .........................................105
❙ organizations ...........................................121
❙ glossary ........................................................130
❙ index oF Project leads ......................132
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canadian aquaculture r&d review 2015
introduCtion
Welcome to the sixth edition of the biannual canadian Aquaculture r&d review. the review is an ongoing compendium
of the aquaculture research and development projects that have been underway over the past two years from all across canada,
whether they are from academia, government labs, or other research organisations. the review contains over 200 project descriptions
detailing an impressive array of topics, disciplines, species and geography. Projects include marine and freshwater species, and a
range of topics from finfish and shellfish health, production, husbandry technology, nutrition, integrated multi-trophic aquaculture and
environmental interactions to name a few. this is the third issue of the review that has been produced by Fisheries and oceans canada
(dFo) in partnership with the aquaculture association of canada (aac). this partnership is highly relevant, and mutually beneficial
to our respective roles in the area of knowledge mobilisation at both the aac and dFo. this collaboration has allowed us to produce
this 2015 edition as an aac special Publication. Electronic versions of this document are available on both the DFO and AAC websites.
aquaculture continues to be an important and growing sector of the seafood industry in canada as well as globally. as aquaculture
continues to grow, the role of science in supporting the sustainable and responsible development of this sector is more crucial than
ever. this is coupled with the growing need for healthy and nutritious seafood products and ensuring that it occurs in an environmentally
responsible manner. the aac wants to showcase advances in aquaculture research in canada and provide this information to its
members for an expanded dialogue on present and future challenges and opportunities for the industry. this publication falls within
the aac’s mandate of disseminating knowledge and further education and we hope it will be of interest to a wide audience. likewise,
Fisheries and oceans canada has a mandate to enable the sustainable development of canada’s aquatic resources, including
aquaculture, and to provide access to information on its scientific activities underway within the department and elsewhere in canada.
Publication of ongoing aquaculture research in the canadian aquaculture r&d review contributes towards achieving our shared
mandates and to reach out to the science community, interested stakeholders, and the public.
we would like to take the opportunity to recognize and thank several people who contributed significantly to the production of this
review. dan mcPhee (dFo) undertook the overall coordination of this project and was instrumental in seeing this project through
to completion from beginning to end. johannie duhaime, tara donaghy, alex tuen, Patricia hunter, emily nelson, Bernadette
charpentier, and ingrid Burgetz were also actively involved in various aspects of this project. Finally, roger wysocki provided
oversight for all coordination of the project. we would also like to thank the aac office staff for their support.
Jay parsons, phd Kathy brewer-dalton
ecosystems and oceans science sector President
Fisheries and oceans canada aquaculture association of canada
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canadian aquaculture r&d review 2015
finfiSh:
freShwater
› effect of stress in seXuAllY MAturinG › deVelopMent of tecHniques to › MetA-AnAlYsis of fresHWAter
feMAle brooK trout (SALVELINUS proMote tHe surViVAl And GroWtH of AquAculture proVinciAl WAter
FONTINALIS) on eMbrYonic deVelopMent WAlleYe (SANDER VITREUS) lArVAe in quAlitY MonitorinG dAtA
And Gene eXpression relAted to GroWtH intensiVe culture › effects of enZYMes treAted red YeAst
in tHe eArlY deVelopMent stAGes › studY of tHe diGestibilitY of flY lArVAe on GroWtH, AstAXAntHin diGestibilitY,
› optiMiZAtion of cultured WAlleYe product-bAsed diets in rAinboW trout And piGMentAtion of rAinboW trout
(SANDER VITREUS) eGG quAlitY › tHe trAnscriptoMe As A tool for › reducinG tHe probleM of eArlY
› reArinG deepWAter cisco (COREGONUS understAndinG And eArlY detection seXuAl MAturAtion in Arctic cHArr
HOYI) in cAptiVitY froM HAtcH for of VertebrAl MAlforMAtions linKed (SALVELINUS ALPINUS)
re-indroduction to lAKe ontArio to pHospHorus deficiencY in › AssessinG ecoloGicAl interActions
› pHYsioloGicAl responses of tWo rAinboW trout betWeen AquAculture And Wild strAins
cAnAdiAn strAins of Arctic cHArr › deVelopMent of predictiVe ModelinG of rAinboW trout
At different life stAGes to tools to Assist WitH fresHWAter › eVAluAtion of GroWtH perforMAnce
diets forMulAted WitH plAnt AquAculture site licensinG decisions
And product quAlitY of Acrtic cHArr
protein inGredients › toWArd eArlY detection of VertebrAl (frAser strAin - siXtH GenerAtion)
› Genetic selection proGrAM to AnoMAlies linKed to pHospHorus reAred in A coMMerciAl operAtion
AcHieVe iMproVed perforMAnce of deficiencY in fArMed rAinboW › eVAluAtion of rAtion reductions on
brooK trout stocK for AquAculture trout tHrouGH MorpHoMetric
tHe GroWtH, feed conVersion, And
in quebec MeAsureMents tAKen froM X-rAYs
soMAtic indices of rAinboW trout
› deVelopMent of GenoMic resources › toWArd better cHArActeriZAtion of › AquAstAts: ontArio AquAculture
for AtlAntic sturGeon usinG neXt- WAste (nitroGen, pHospHorus, solids)
stAtistics proGrAM
GenerAtion sequencinG GenerAted bY trout fed WitH
› AssessinG tHe bioAVAilAbilitY of coMMerciAl feed currentlY used
in cAnAdA
sYntHetic MetHionine And lYsine froM

different sources in rAinboW trout

(ONCORHYNCHUS MYKISS)
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canadian aquaculture r&d review 2015
effeCt of StreSS in SeXually maturing female brook trout (SaLVeLinuS
FOntinaLiS) on embryoniC development and gene eXpreSSion related to
growth in the early development StageS
this project will improve the understanding Females were subjected to various chronic
of the possible molecular impacts that stresses during oogenesis (weekly manual
parental stress may have on the fitness of stress, feed containing cortisol) and
Brook trout embryos, a cultured species unstressed female eggs were immersed
of importance for stocking in quebec. this in a cortisol solution for three hours before
research is related to the improvement of fertilization. various phenotypic traits were
production and culture methods, especially measured in the offspring of these females
with regard to the health of the animals throughout embryonic development. real-
used in aquaculture. time quantitative Pcr will be conducted
on sampled fry to measure targeted gene
in teleosts, maternal factors such as hormones
expression.
can enter the oocytes during gonad
maturation. in some species, major cortisol
concentrations can be transferred into sep. 2013–AuG. 2015
the oocytes when females are subjected to funded by: Fonds de recherche du québec –
chronic stress during gonadal development. nature et technologies (Frqnt) – team
this can have harmful effects on juvenile grants program Co-funded by: ressources
aquatiques québec (raq)
development. the objectives of this
project are to quantify the impact of proJeCt lead: céline audet
(u québec à rimouski – ismer)
prenatal maternal stress on: (1) yolk sac
volume, development speed, mortality, proJeCt team: laurence deneault-tremblay
frequency of malformations, and growth (u québec à rimouski – ismer); nadia
aubin-horth (u laval)
during the early development stages for
Brook trout; and (2) the relative gene ContaCt: [email protected]
expression of growth hormones and their
Laurence Deneault-Tremblay extracting Brook Trout eggs. receptors (gh, ghr, igF 1 and igF 1r,
Photo: Laurence Deneault-Tremblay igF-2) in fry.
optimiZation of Cultured walleye (Sander VitreuS) egg quality
the goal of this project is to define the
nutritional requirements of walleye and
to optimize the culture of this species of
commercial interest (food, sport fishing)
in canada.
in order to ensure the production of
commercial fry and continue the
domestication process for walleye
(Sander vitreus), we are optimizing the
initial embryonic and larval development
phases in eggs produced in captivity to
alleviate the need to use wild broodstock.
Extraction of amino acids from Walleye eggs. Photo: Jeanette Wells
two major factors were targeted: (1) the
use of captive broodstock to determine
the “window of opportunity” for extracting best egg quality and embryonic survival. proJeCt lead: réjean tremblay
lastly, we defined the approximate (u québec à rimouski)
eggs while avoiding the over-maturation
process and excessive handling of females; nutritional requirements for the broodstock proJeCt team: céline audet (u québec
in terms of fatty acids, amino acids, and à rimouski); grant vandenberg (u laval);
and (2) manufacturing feed that meets
vitamin a. marco Blanchet (station piscicole trois-lacs)
the walleye’s nutritional requirements as
well as testing its effectiveness on egg quality. CollaboratorS: ines Ben Khemis, instm
sep. 2011–Apr. 2013 (institut national des sciences et technologies
in this project, we verified the impact of de la mer) [national institute of marine
broodstock age on egg quality and deduced funded by: société de recherche et de sciences and technologies], salammbô,
développement en aquaculture continentale
tunisia; mari moren (nofima), Bergen, norway
that younger broodstock produced superior inc. (sordac), ressources aquatiques québec
eggs. we also determined the ideal (raq) Co-funded by: Fonds de recherche ContaCt: [email protected]
broodstock spawning time that yields the nature et technologies (BmP innovation
scholarship)
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canadian aquaculture r&d review 2015
rearing deepwater CiSCo phySiologiCal reSponSeS of two
(COreGOnuS HOYi) in Captivity Canadian StrainS of arCtiC Charr
from hatCh for re-introduCtion at different life StageS to dietS
to lake ontario formulated with plant protein
ingredientS
it is believed that re-introducing ontario ministry of natural
deepwater ciscoes (Coregonus resources (omnr). the main through replacing marine-
hoyi) will fill an important issue is finding a feed that is sourced with terrestrial-sourced
ecological niche that is currently both highly acceptable to C. plant protein ingredients, this
vacant in lake ontario and will hoyi and nutritionally adequate. research in diet formulation
be a major step towards restoring these are thought to be the will provide the first insights
the historical lake biodiversity. two most critical factors into the comparative effects
re-establishment of ciscoes affecting survival of fry. as such, of dietary plant protein inclusion
may also help generate healthy the current project explores the in canadian arctic charr.
and stable fish populations possible benefits of co-feeding these insights may result in Hand-feeding tanks of juvenile Arctic
throughout the food chain, a dry diet with Artemia nauplii the reduced financial impact Charr (Salvelinus alpinus). Photo: Amanda
Smith (U Guelph)
capable of enduring sustainable to encourage a feeding of arctic charr-targeted feed
exploitation for economic response. production, therefore increasing
benefit in the future. the viability of this species for canadian strains of arctic charr
to accomplish the long-term
aquaculture in canada. at the starter and grower life
until the mid-1950s, lake goal of a self-sustaining
stages, fed diets formulated
ontario was home to a diverse population in 25 years, the national aquaculture
with increasing levels of both
assemblage of ciscoes, acting the program requires egg strategic action Plan initiative
soybean and sunflower
as an important food source collection from lake michigan, (nasaPi) of the canadian
meal ingredients.
for top predators. however, culture, and stocking of council of Fisheries and
biodiversity of the lake has 500,000 juveniles every year aquaculture ministers
been greatly reduced due starting in 2015. (ccFam) has targeted arctic MAY 2013–Jun. 2014
to overfishing, shoreline charr as an alternative species funded by: atlantic canada
development causing habitat feb. 2012–noV. 2015 holding great potential for opportunities agency – atlantic
change, and invasive species. C. canadian aquaculture. the innovation Fund (acoa-aiF)
hoyi, (“bloater”) was the funded by: ontario ministry costs of feed for this species Co-funded by: manitoba
of natural resources (omnr) association of agricultural
dominant species of cisco. the Co-funded by: can be as high as 60% of total societies inc.; agri-Food research
current state of the ecosystem usFws – Fish and wildlife production depending on & development initiative (ardi)
is ideal for their successful restoration act; great lakes growth stage of the fish. as such,
re-introduction as factors restoration initiative methods to reduce the feed proJeCt lead: andré dumas
(coastal zones research institute)
detrimental to ecosystem health proJeCt lead: tim drew budget of this species while
have recently been managed (omnr) maintaining strong growth is of proJeCt team: amanda smith,
dominique Bureau (u guelph); luc
by government agencies, proJeCt team: laura metcalf, primary concern. the addition desjardins (nBcc); Pascale
favouring increased survival of dominique Bureau (u guelph); of plant protein ingredients comeau; caroline roussel (czri)
young ciscoes. jim Brumpton (omnr) to formulated feeds has the
the development of culture CollaboratorS: dFo; potential to replace high cost C(uo ildlaahboo)ratorS: Ken overturf
chippewa ottawa resource and low availability marine-
techniques and documentation
authority; Paragon Fish sourced ingredients such as ContaCt: andre.dumas@irzc.
of biological information are key corporation; u guelph umcs.ca
fishmeal, while providing the fish
factors in the success of the
ContaCt: [email protected]; with the amino acids required for
current project at white lake
[email protected] maximum growth. however,
Fish culture station in sharbot
certain plant ingredients contain
lake, ontario, operated by the
anti-nutritional factors that have
the potential to interact with the
fish’s digestive tract and alter
the uptake of key nutrients.
in related salmonid species,
anti-nutritional factors present in
soybean meal have been seen
to cause intestinal inflammation,
reducing protein and lipid Icelandic Arctic Charr (this species was
uptake, and hindering growth. not used in this particular research project).
Photo: Jim Reist (DFO)
therefore, the objectives of this
Cisco (bloater) fry, approximately three Conical rearing units with individual
project are to compare the
weeks after hatch. Photo: White Lake Fish hatching jars and vibratory feeders
Culture Station (OMNR) hanging above. Photo: White Lake Fish growth, nutrient uptake, and
Culture Station (OMNR) intestinal response in two
FinFish Freshwater 5
canadian aquaculture r&d review 2015
genetiC SeleCtion development of genomiC reSourCeS for atlantiC
program to aChieve Sturgeon uSing neXt-generation SequenCing
improved performanCe
this project will significantly increase the identify atlantic sturgeon genes responsive
of brook trout StoCk
genomic resources available for atlantic to lipopolysaccharide (lPs) stimulation.
for aquaCulture
sturgeon. sturgeons are a high value, caviar due to the duplicated nature of the sturgeon
in quebeC
producing species and its aquaculture has genome, an assembly pipeline was developed
this research has assisted a number of grown exponentially in the last ten years. using multiple transcriptome assemblers. the
quebec aquaculture operations in gaining market demand and growth can have transcriptome assembly generated had ~70%
access to certified disease-free eggs negative impacts on production such as read re-mapping. analysis of differentially
exhibiting superior fish performance, thereby requirements for higher throughput and expressed transcripts identified sturgeon
improving the profitability of their businesses. densities in culture. these pressures can lPs-responsive genes such as interleukin-8,
cause stress and lead to greater susceptibility irF7 and inhibitory Kappa B alpha. additional
the Brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) is
to pathogens. clearly, a more comprehensive studies will further improve the atlantic
the most widely farmed species in freshwater
knowledge of sturgeon biology and genetics sturgeon reference transcriptome and
aquaculture in quebec. a group of farmers
is needed to maximize culture and to fulfill identify single nucleotide polymorphisms.
in quebec, working with centre de
the market demand for sturgeon products,
transfert et de sélection des salmonidés
including caviar. unfortunately, genomic AuG. 2014–JAn. 2015
(ctss) inc., recently launched a genetic
information on sturgeon is scarce. Producing
selection program with two objectives: funded by: natural sciences and engineering
these resources may help to identify elite
research council (nserc)
(1) to improve growth; and (2) to eliminate
broodstock, optimize culture conditions,
precocious sexual maturity. two different fish proJeCt lead: mark Fast (uPei)
and identify biomarkers for health monitoring.
strains are being used for this purpose, one of proJeCt team: tiago hori, debbie Plouffe
them, a decades-old domestic strain and the in collaboration with uPei, the center (catc); john Buchanan (cat)
other the rupert strain. the domestication for aquaculture technologies canada ContaCt: [email protected]
process is ongoing for the rupert strain, (catc) used an rna-seq approach to
www.aquatechcenter.com
but early results have been encouraging in
that the percentage of precocious sexual
maturity at age 1+ has dropped from 36.8% aSSeSSing the bioavailability of SynthetiC
to 29% without affecting growth. For the methionine and lySine from different SourCeS
domestic strain, an 11.5% gain in growth in rainbow trout (OnCOrHYnCHuS MYKiSS)
has been recorded since the start of the
program, while the percentage of precocious both l-lysine Hcl and l-lysine sulphate are lys and were supplemented with increasing
sexual maturity at age 0+ has decreased from able to meet lysine requirements of rainbow equimolar levels of met or lys from three
34.3% to 8.9%. throughout the selection trout with equal efficiency when supplemented sources of met or two sources of lys. using
process, the ctss has also ensured that on an equimolar basis. additionally, the lower a linear slope-ratio assay, bioavailability
all production fish are certified disease- bioavailability of mha-ca, which was found of l-methionine and dl-methionine
free. the genetic enhancement process in this study, suggests feed formulators/ were determined to be similar (p>0.10).
based on use of markers is ongoing. manufacturers may wish to implement a differences in bioavailability between
wider safety margin when including mha-ca dl-methionine and mha-ca were
in diets in order to meet the methionine observed (p<0.05), with mha-ca being
Jul. 2011–Jul. 2014
requirement of an animal. 69, 60, and 73% as bioavailable as dl-
funded by: ministère de l’agriculture, des methionine based upon weight gain, growth
Pêcheries et de l’alimentation du québec supplementing synthetic methionine (met)
rate (thermal-unit growth coefficient), and
(maPaq) Co-funded by: société de and/or lysine (lys) to diets of terrestrial farm
retained nitrogen response parameters,
développement de l’industrie maricole inc. animals to meet their nutritional requirements
(sodim); société de recherche et de respectively. l-lysine hcl and l-lysine
for met or lys is a common practice. different
développement en aquaculture continentale sulphate were effective sources of lysine
forms of supplemental met and lys are
inc. (sordac); ministère du développement with no significant differences in
économique, de l’innovation et de l’exportation produced and commercialized by various bioavailability (p>0.10).
(mdeie); ministère des affaires municipales, manufacturers. limited information exists
des régions et de l’occupation du territoire on the bioavailability of these different forms
(mamrot); ressources aquatiques of met and lys to fish species. MAY 2012–AuG. 2014
québec (raq) funded by: evonik industries ag, hanau,
using a 12-week growth trial, relative
proJeCt lead: luc Picard (ctss) germany Co-funded by: ontario ministry of
bioavailability of l-methionine and a agriculture Food and rural affairs (omaFra)
proJeCt team: François lavigne (ctss); hydroxy methionine analogue (mha-ca)
louis Bernatchez (u laval); dany Proteau proJeCt lead: christopher Powell,
were compared to the commercially
(P lac st-François); michel Fournier (P des dominique Bureau (u guelph)
prevalent dl-methionine in rainbow
appalaches); Karl nolin (P mont-tremblant) proJeCt team: Kabir chowdhury
trout. a separate 12-week trial investigated
ContaCt: [email protected] relative bioavailability between l-lysine CollaboratorS: andreas lemme
www.ctss-genetique.com hcl and l-lysine sulphate. Basal diets ContaCt: [email protected],
were formulated to be deficient in met or [email protected]
6
canadian aquaculture r&d review 2015
development of teChniqueS to promote the Survival and growth of
walleye (Sander VitreuS) larvae in intenSive Culture
Walleye (Sander vitreus) larva, 23.2 mm in length on day 24 post-hatching. Photo: Benjamin Laramée (U Laval)
the objective of this project is to promote consequently aims to lay the groundwork MAY 2014–dec. 2015
walleye production in canada by for making walleye production cost- funded by: ministère de l’agriculture, des
reducing the financial risks associated effective by testing culture techniques pêcheries et de l’alimentation du québec
with high mortality in the larval stage currently in use elsewhere around the (maPaq) – innovamer
and establishing farming parameters to world and to develop new processes for proJeCt lead: grant vandenberg (u laval)
support optimal growth. promoting survival and growth at the
proJeCt team: Émilie Proulx, Benjamin
larval stage. various dietary treatments
the walleye (Sander vitreus) is a species laramée (u laval)
incorporating the use of live food and plant
with high commercial and recreational CollaboratorS: réjean tremblay, céline
and/or animal protein-based feed will be
value in the northern united states and audet (ismer, uqar); marie-hélène
tested. additional parameters will also be
canada. culture of this species has strong Fournier (merinov); marco Blanchet (station
evaluated, such as turbidity agents, the piscicole trois-lacs)
economic potential but has not been
photoperiod, light levels, and the use of
widely adopted as intensive production ContaCt: [email protected]
water jets and surface air. the project will
has yet to prove successful. Problems
ultimately lead to an economically viable
involving cannibalism, non-inflation of
plan for intensive walleye production in
the swim bladder, and feed ingestion have
keeping with demand among the table and
been leading to fish kills within the first few
stocking markets.
days after egg hatching. this project
Study of the digeStibility of fly larvae produCt-baSed dietS in
rainbow trout
the objective of this project is to provide (brown and white meals) from the housefly
a rational basis for the formulation of new (Musca domestica) and Black soldier Fly
types of salmonid feed and, in so doing, (Hermetia illucens) grown on various substrates
demonstrate their potential for the canadian and then proceed with preliminary dietary
aquaculture industry. testing in the rainbow trout to gauge
nutritional quality. the composition and
incorporating fly meal into aquaculture
digestibility of foods containing 30% fly
feed formulations would help to reduce
meal will be determined through analysis of
costs associated with the supply of fishery
total content (energy, dry matter, ash, fat,
products as well as the industry’s ecological
and protein) and establishment of mineral,
footprint through the recovery of other
amino acid, and fatty acid profiles.
industries’ waste organic matter. however,
achieving these goals depends on the
capacity of meal producers to supply a sep. 2014–AuG. 2015
consistently high-quality product that proJeCt lead: grant vandenberg (u laval)
meets the needs of fish species. the proJeCt team: marie-hélène deschamps,
choices of species, larvae production Émilie Proulx (u laval)
processes (substrate, environment, etc.)
CollaboratorS: charles lavigne,
and product processing methods are catherine emond (quebec agrifood
factors potentially affecting product development center [cdBq]);
composition and nutritional quality. cliff Pavlovic (corporation larvatria)
our project aims to conduct assessments ContaCt: [email protected] H(Hoeursmeefltyi a( Milluucsecan sd)o lamrveastei.c Pa)h aontod: BMlaacrkie S-Holédlièenr eF ly
of the composition of larvae products
Deschamps, Emilie Proulx (U Laval )
FinFish Freshwater 7
canadian aquaculture r&d review 2015
the tranSCriptome aS a tool for underStanding development of
and early deteCtion of vertebral malformationS prediCtive modeling
linked to phoSphoruS defiCienCy in rainbow trout toolS to aSSiSt
with freShwater
our goal is to understand the mechanisms malformations could be reversible up to
aquaCulture Site
triggering the occurrence of skeletal anomalies a certain point. these advanced detection
liCenSing deCiSionS
in farmed rainbow trout relating to dietary tools could also be used to prevent and/or
phosphorus intake. our ultimate objective is limit the occurrence of adverse structural Governmental agencies charged with
to improve the formulation of low-phosphorus changes in animals during the rapid the responsibility of licensing and regulation
feed and support the selection of superior- growth phase. of the aquaculture industry are in need of
performing, less polluting strains. objective tools to assist in their decision-
the occurrence of bone malformations in sep. 2010–AuG. 2014 making processes. the development of
such tools would similarly be of benefit to
farmed fish poses a major financial challenge funded by: ministère du développement
for farms in addition to raising ethical économique, de l’innovation et de the industry, as currently the primary factor
l’exportation – Programme de soutien à des limiting the expansion of the freshwater
questions relating to animal well-being.
initiatives internationales de recherche et industry is access to new sites. the lack of
our studies have shown that a phosphorus
d’innovation (Psiiri) Co-funded by: tools to estimate ecological consequences
(P) deficiency had significant impact on
dFo – aquaculture collaborative research
of new sites has resulted in a very precautionary
the occurrence of these malformations. and development Program (dFo – acrdP);
atmosphere, a complex and expensive
however, previous studies have highlighted Programme de recherche et de développement
application process and, ultimately, limited
the difficulty of establishing an animal’s en aquaculture continentale (sordac);
specific needs with a view to identifying réseau aquaculture québec – Programme development of the industry.
de bourse Foncer; université laval –
optimal P concentrations in feed. using a the primary environmental concerns with
Programme de bourse du Bureau international
leading-edge transcriptomic approach cage aquaculture are related to benthic
(rna sequencing), it is now possible to proJeCt lead: grant vandenberg (u laval) impacts and exceedance of the assimilative
detect changes in overall gene expression proJeCt team: marie-hélène deschamps, capacity of an ecosystem for nutrient inputs.
at specific moments relating to abnormal jérémy le luyer, noémie Poirier stewart, cage aquaculture has the potential to have
animal development. as such, our studies Émilie Proulx (u laval) far-ranging impacts on the lake ecosystem.
have shown that in fish with a P deficiency CollaboratorS: nadia aubin-horth, increased nutrient inputs can affect overall
that develop malformations, a number of claude robert, arnaud droit (u laval); ecosystem productivity and excessive
dominique Bureau (u guelph); ann
signalling pathways identified in humans nutrient inputs can lead to eutrophication,
huysseune, eckhard witten (universiteit gent);
are also affected in the rainbow trout. which may include such undesirable
jean-yves sire (u Paris 6); chantal cahu,
these events appear to lead to abnormal dominique mazurais (iFremer); Kenneth consequences as development of nuisance
bone mineralization and decreased overturf, ron hardy (u idaho); tom hansen, algal blooms, oxygen deficient, and loss of
robustness, potentially making the bone anna wargelius, P.e. Fjelldal biodiversity. the deposition of solid wastes
more susceptible to malformations. (havforskningsinstituttet) under farms contributes to increased
our studies have also shown that some ContaCt: [email protected] sediment oxygen demand as well as the
potential to significantly alter the quality
of benthic habitat and the composition
of benthic communities beneath and
surrounding farms.
Apr. 2008–MAr. 2015
funded by: dFo – aquaculture
collaborative research and development
Program (dFo – acrdP)
Co-funded by: wild west steelhead
proJeCt lead: cheryl Podemski (dFo)
CollaboratorS: wild west steelhead
ContaCt: [email protected]
www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/science/enviro/
aquaculture/acrdp-pcrda/index-eng.htm
Cleaning the tanks. Photo: Emilie Proulx (U Laval)
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