Bioinorganic Vanadium Chemistry (Inorganic Chemistry: A Textbook Series)

225 Pages·2008·1.75 MB·English

by  Dieter Rehder

Bioinorganic Vanadium
Chemistry
Dieter Rehder
Department Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Germany
(cid:84)(cid:104)(cid:105)(cid:115)(cid:32)(cid:112)(cid:97)(cid:103)(cid:101)(cid:32)(cid:105)(cid:110)(cid:116)(cid:101)(cid:110)(cid:116)(cid:105)(cid:111)(cid:110)(cid:97)(cid:108)(cid:108)(cid:121)(cid:32)(cid:108)(cid:101)(cid:102)(cid:116)(cid:32)(cid:98)(cid:108)(cid:97)(cid:110)(cid:107)
Bioinorganic Vanadium Chemistry
Inorganic Chemistry
A Wiley Series of Advanced Textbooks
ISSN: 1939-5175
Editorial Board
Derek Woollins, University of St. Andrews, UK
Bob Crabtree, Yale University, USA
David Atwood, University of Kentucky, USA
Gerd Meyer, University of Hannover, Germany
Previously Published Books in this Series
Inorganic Structural Chemistry, Second Edition
Ulrich Müller
ISBN: 978-0-470-01865-1
Lanthanide and Actinide Chemistry
Simon Cotton
ISBN: 978-0-470-01006-8
Mass Spectrometry of Inorganic and Organometallic Compounds: Tools – Techniques – Tips
William Henderson & J. Scott McIndoe
ISBN: 978-0-470-85016-9
Main Group Chemistry, Second Edition
A. G. Massey
ISBN: 978-0-471-49039-5
Synthesis of Organometallic Compounds: A Practical Guide
Sanshiro Komiya
ISBN: 978-0-471-97195-5
Chemical Bonds: A Dialog
Jeremy Burdett
ISBN: 978-0-471-97130-6
Molecular Chemistry of the Transition Elements: An Introductory Course
François Mathey & Alain Sevin
ISBN: 978-0-471-95687-7
Stereochemistry of Coordination Chemistry
Alexander Von Zelewsky
ISBN: 978-0-471-95599-3
Bioinorganic Chemistry: Inorganic Elements in the Chemistry of Life – An Introduction and Guide
Wolfgang Kaim
ISBN: 978-0-471-94369-3
For more information on this series see: http://eu.wiley.com/WileyCDA/Section/id-302900.html
Bioinorganic Vanadium
Chemistry
Dieter Rehder
Department Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Germany
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Rehder,Dieter.
Bioinorganicvanadiumchemistry/DieterRehder.
p. ; cm.—(Inorganicchemistry,ISSN1939–5175)
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN978-0-470-06509-9(cloth:alk.paper)—ISBN978-0-470-06516-7(pbk.:alk.paper)
1. Vanadium. 2. Vanadium—Physiologicaleffect. I. Title. II. Series:Inorganicchemistry(JohnWiley&Sons)
[DNLM: 1. Vanadium—pharmacology. 2. Vanadium. 3. Vanadium—diagnosticuse. 4. VanadiumCompounds.
QV290R345b2007]
QD181.V2R342007
546(cid:2).522—dc22
2007044559
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ISBN978-0-470-06509-9
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This book is dedicated to my children
Miriam, Nadja, Matthias and Gunnar,
who helped me to comprehend life;
and to Renate,
in whom I found refuge and encouragement.
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Contents
Prefa.c.e. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
1 Introduction and Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1 History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Occurrence, Distribution and Impact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Further Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2 Inorganic and Coordination Compounds of Vanadium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.1 Inorganic Aspects of the Function of Vanadium in Biological Systems . . . . . . . . . 13
2.1.1 The Aqueous Vanadium(III, IV and V) Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.1.2 Binary and Ternary Systems Containing Vanadium(IV and V) . . . . . . . . . 20
2.1.3 Halides and Esters Derived from Orthovanadic Acid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
2.2 Interaction of Aqueous Vanadate and Vanadyl with Biogenic Ligands . . . . . . . . . 26
2.2.1 Speciation in the Vanadate System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
2.2.2 Speciation in the Vanadyl System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
2.3 Vanadium Coordination Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
2.3.1 Structural Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
2.3.2 Coordination Compounds with (Potential) Model Character for Biogenic
Vanadium Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
2.4 The Vanadium–Carbon Bond . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
3 Physico-chemical Methods for the Characterisation of Native and Model Vanadium
Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
3.1 51V NMR Spectroscopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
3.1.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
3.1.2 Shielding in Isotropic Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
3.1.3 Other 51V NMR Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
3.1.4 NMR Parameters Under ‘Confined’ Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
3.2 NMR of Other Nuclei. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
3.3 EPR Spectroscopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
3.3.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
3.3.2 Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
3.3.3 Other Paramagnetic Centres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
3.4 ESEEM and ENDOR Spectroscopies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
3.5 Optical Spectroscopies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
3.5.1 UV-Vis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
3.5.2 Circular Dichroism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
viii Contents
3.6 X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
3.6.1 Background and General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
3.6.2 Biological Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
4 Naturally Occurring Vanadium Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
4.1 Vanadium in Ascidians and Polychaete Worms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
4.1.1 Ascidians: History, Speculations and Facts; An Introduction and Overview . . . 87
4.1.2 Ascidians: The Present Stand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
4.1.3 Polychaeta Fan Worms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
4.1.4 Model Chemistry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
4.2 Amavadin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
4.3 Vanadate-dependent Haloperoxidases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
4.3.1 History, Background and General Aspects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
4.3.2 Structural and Catalytic Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
4.3.3 Model Chemistry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
4.4 Vanadium and the Nitrogen Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
4.4.1 Vanadium Nitrogenases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
4.4.2 Vanadium-dependent Nitrate Reductases? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
4.5 Vanadate as Energiser for Bacteria, and Vanadophores . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
5 Influence of Vanadium Compounds on Cellular Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
5.1 Medicinal Aspects of Vanadium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
5.1.1 The Anti-diabetic Potential of Vanadium Compounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158
5.1.2 Other Potential Medicinal Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
5.2 Interaction of Vanadium with Proteins and Protein Substrates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
5.2.1 Vanadium- and Phosphate-metabolising Enzymes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
5.2.2 Inhibition of Lactamases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
5.2.3 Structural Vanadium Analogues of Phosphate Esters and Anhydrides . . . . . . 189
5.2.4 Nonfunctional Binding of Vanadate and Vanadyl to Proteins . . . . . . . . . . 190
5.2.5 Modification of Proteins by Vanadate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198
6 Epilogue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
Inde.x. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207