biochemical and biotechnological investigations on the water—fern salvinia molesta mitchell.

202 Pages·2013·5.32 MB·English

by  Peter K Mani

BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOTECHNOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS
ON THE WATER—FERN SALVINIA MOLESTA MITCHELL.
THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE
COCHIN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
in
PLANT BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
UNDER THE FACULTY OF MARINE SCIENCES.
By
PETER K. MAN]. M.Sc
Reg. No: l487
Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology & Biochemistry,
School of Marine Sciences,
Cochin University of Science and Technology.
Cochin 682 016.
1998
Dedicated to the Almighty, My Parents, Teachers and Well Wishers
DECLgARATls0N
I hereby declare that the thesis entitled “Biochemical and
Biotechnological investigations on the water-fern Salvinia molesta Mitchell” is
an authentic record of research work carried out by me under the supervision and
guidance of Prof. Babu Philip, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for
the award of the Ph. D degree under the faculty of Marine Sciences, Cochin
University of Science and Technology and that no part of it has "previously
formed the basis for the award of any degree, diploma or associateship in any
University.
Kochi. - 16g
Date: 5“ l [qqg Peter K. Mani
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the thesis entitled “Biochemical and
Biotechnological investigations on the water-fern Salvinia molesta Mitchell”
submitted herewith by Mr. Peter K. Mani is an authentic record of the research work
carried out by him in the Department of Marine Biology, Microbiology and
Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, Kochi-16, under my supervision and guidance
in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Ph.D degree of Cochin
University of Science and Technology and that no part thereof has been presented before,
for any other degree or diploma in any University. /
1/»3 »/ iz /1z&é1 <l/
Dr. Babu Philip,/
Prof. in Marine Biochemistry,
Dept. of Marine Biology,
Microbiology & Biochemistry
School of Marine Sciences.
Kochi- I6, /.‘/'\'5'\;ii~iiigiY "i Sfiiancg ,5 )­
Date: 5 I", [0[¢{<Z /é,<‘$"“ ¢:g,;/\
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I wish to express my sincere thankfulness and profound indebtedness to my
supervising teacher Dr. Babu Philip, Professor in Marine Biochemistry, Department of
Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, School of Marine Sciences, for his
bounteous supervision, valuable guidance and loving encouragements throughout the
tenure of my research work.
I am thankful to Prof. (Dr.) N. R. Menon, Head, Department of Marine Biology,
Microbiology and Biochemistry and Director, School of Marine Sciences for providing
me with all the necessary facilities for the research work.
I would like to express my eamest thanks to Prof. (Dr.) R. Damodaran, Dean,
Faculty of Marine Sciences, for his valuable suggestions during the early period of
research work.
I would like to place on record my sincere gratitude to Dr. K. J. Joseph,
Professor in Marine Botany for timely suggestions and scrutiny of the work.
I wish to thank Dr. Rosamma Philip, and Dr. A.V. Saramma, Lecturers in
Microbiology for their valuable suggestions and encouragements and all my colleagues in
the Biochemistry laboratory and other Departments of Marine Sciences, especially to
Mr. Vinu Chandran R, for all the help they have rendered­
I wish to thank the Directors of C M F R I Cochin, C I F T Cochin, Kerala
Agricultural University Mannuthy, R A R S Kumarakom, I R R I Puthupally,
Kottayam, T B G R I Palode, Thimvananthapuram and N I O Goa for extending
library facilities and the Director of Agrivision, Kottayam and R A R S Kumarakom for
extending laboratory facilities.
I wish to record my indebtedness to all my teachers especially to Prof. K. S.
Alexander, K. E. College Mannanam (Retd.), Dr. Thomas James, D. Sc. (Former Head
of the Department of Botany, S. B. College, Changanassery) and Dr. J. G. Ray who
inspired me much into the enchanting fields of plant sciences and directed me on
research line.
I am grateful to the Patron, Manager, Pro-Manager, Principal and Head of the
Department of Botany, B. C. M. College, Kottayam for permitting me to continue my
research work on a part time schedule.
I wish to express my gratefulness to all my colleagues in B. C. M. College,
especially to the members ofthe Botany Department and also to the members of Kerala
Botanical Society for their sincere co-operation.
l wish to place on record my sincere thanks to Miss. Elizabeth Kozhi,
Mrs. Monamma Kokkad, lecturer, B. C. M. College and Mr. Chandrasekharan,
lecturer, Baseli us College, Kortayam for all the help they have rendered.
I wish to thank the staff of B. C. M. Computer centre for typing services.
I greatly acknowledge the financial assistance from C S I R for the first two
years of research in the form, of Junior Research Fellowship and also the authorities of
Cochin University of Science and Technology for providing me with all the facilities.
Let me also avail of this opportunity to thank my family members and all those
who have lent their whole-hearted co-operation and support in making this thesis a
reality.
Abbreviations used in the thesis.
% Percentage
0 C Degree centigrade
2,4-D 2,4- Dichloro Phenoxy Acetic Acid
ADF Acid Detergent Fibre
AOAC Association of Ofiicial Analytical Chemists
BOD Biological Oxygen Demand
CEC Cation exchange capacity
cm Centimetre
CNT Control
COD Chemical Oxygen Demand
Conc. Concentration
DNA Deoxy Ribo Nucleic acid
DS Dried Salvinia
EC Eichhomia crassipes,
EDTA Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetate
Fig. Figure
g & gm gram
h Hour (s)
ha Hectare
IAA lndole 3- acetic acid
ICBN Intemational Code For Botanical Nomenclature
K cal Kilo calorie
Ks Kilo gram
LAR Leaf Area Ratio
M Molar (Moles per litre)
MCPA Methyl C hloro- Phenoxy Acetic acid
meq / gm Milliequivalents per gram
mg Milligram
min Minutes
ml Milli litre
N Normal
NAD Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide
NADP Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate
NASA National Aeronautics & Space Administration
nm Nano metre
NPM Normal potting mixture
OC Organic carbon
PC Pleurorus cilrinopileatus
PF Pleurotusflorida
pH Potentia hydrogenii
Ppm Parts per million
PS
Paddy straw
PS Pleurotus sajor-caju
RBD Randomized block design
RNA Ribo Nucleic Acid
rpm Revolutions per minute
SB Salvinia before mushroom cultivation
SEM Standard Error of Mean
SH Sulfhydril group
SM Salvinia moiesta
TCA Tricarboxylic acid cycle
WT weight
CONTENTS
GENERAL INTRODUCTION PAGE
CHAPTER I.
NO
AQUATIC WEEDS AND THEIR IMPACT ON
I
ECOSYSTEM
EXPERIMENTAL MATERIAL, AFRICAN WEED OR 7
THE WATER- FERN SALVINIA MOLLISTA MITCHELL
METHODS OF CONTROL OF AQUATIC WEEDS WITH 12
SPECIAL REFERENCE TO UTILIZATION.
SCOPE OF THE PRESENT STUDY 21
OBJECTIVES 24
CHAPTER II ANALYSIS OF THE CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF
THE WATER-FERN SALVINL4 MOLESTA MITCHELL
INTRODUCTION 25
MATERIALS AND METHODS 26
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 30
CHAPTER III POTENTIAL APPLICATION OF AFRICAN WEED
(SALVINIA MOLESTA MITCHELL) FOR THE
CULTIVATION OF OYSTER MUSHROOM.
(PLEUROTUS SAJOR-CAJU (FR) SINGER).
INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS 35
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. 36
CHAPTER IV COMPARATIVE EFFICIENCY FOR LlGNO­
CELLULOSE CONVERSION ON AQUATIC WEED
SUBSTRATE BY DIFFERENT SPECIES OF OYSTER
MUSHROOMS (PLEUROTUS SAJOR-CAJU,
PLEUROTUS FLORIDA AND PLEUR 0 TUS
CI TR INOPIL EA TUS).
INTRODUCTION 38
MATERIALS AND METHODS 39
U)
L4)
4.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. 42
CHAPTER V ALTERATIONS IN THE NUTRITIVE VALUE OF
MUSHROOMS IN RESPONSE TO SALVINIA AS
SUBSTRATE.
5.1 INTRODUCTION 50
5.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 51
5.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 58
CHAPTER VI RESIDUAL SUBSTRATE AFTER MUSHROOM
HARVEST (SPENT SUBSTRATE) :-A PROS-PECTIVE
ORGANIC MANURE AND ITS IMPACTS ON
(I) SOIL CHEMICAL STATUS
(II) SOIL MICROBIAL POPULATION DYNAMICS &
(III) PLANT GROWTH (ANTHURIUM ANDREANUM)
6. 1 SOIL CHEMICAL STATUS
6.1.] INTRODUCTION 67
6.1.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 70
6.1.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 80
6. 2 SOIL MICROBIAL POPULATION DYNAMICS
6.2.1 INTRODUCTION 87
6.2.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 89
6.2.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 91
6. 3
PLANT GROWTH (ANTHURIUM ANDREANUM)
6.3.1 INTRODUCTION 94
6.3.2 MATERIALS AND METHODS 96
6.3.3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. 98
CHAPTER VII SEED-BED PREPARED FROM AFRICAN WEED
A RELIABLE SUBSTRATE FOR ANTHURIUM
SEED GERMINATION
7.1 INTRODUCTION I02
7.2 MATERIALS AN D METHODS 103