Benlouali Hajar*, Redouane Choukr-Allah, Harrouni Moulay Cherif, Mohamed Fallah

53 Pages·2016·4.12 MB·English

1st GLOBAQUA CONFERENCE: Managing The Effects Of Multiple
Stressors On Aquatic Ecosystems Under Water Scarcity
11–12 January 2016, Freising, Germany.
Benlouali Hajar*, Redouane Choukr-Allah, Harrouni Moulay Cherif,
Mohamed Fallah
*Hassan II Institute of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine,
Morocco
Water resources and scarcity in Morocco
29% total
81%
area
71% total
19%
area
Alternative Water resources
• Treatment of 40% of sewage in 2016, 80% in 2020
and 100% in 2030.
National
Plan for • Reduction of pollution by 60%.
Sanitation
• Production of (338 million m3 / year) in 2030.
(NSP)
• Use of 35% of reclaimed wastewater in irrigation of
green spaces and golf courses
Water resources and scarcity in Souss Massa
Total available surface
water and groundwater
resources : 816 Million m3
Water demand : 1076
Million m3 (90 to 95%
Irrigation needs)
Water deficit 260 Million
m3
Potential of wastewater in the Souss Massa
Treated wastewater 50 Mm3/year
in Souss Massa
Treated wastewater 35 000 m3/day
in Agadir
Potential of Wastewater reuse for landscaping and golf courses in Souss Massa
Table 1: Green spaces and golf courses water requirements in the Greater Agadir
Total Average Peak
area requirements requirements
(ha) (m3/day) (m3/day)
Golf courses 568 18,958 31,281
Parks and public
536 11,833 19,523
gardens
Total 1,104 30,791 50,804
STUDY AREA CHARACTERISTICS
Climatic
• Arid climate
• Average Annual rainfall less than 250 mm.
Conditions
• 3000 hours of sunshine per year
• 27 holes
The Ocean
• Area : 90 ha
• Soil : sandy and coarse-textured
Golf course
• Turf grass varieties : Agrostis stolonifera and Paspalum
vaginatum
Reclaimed • Step 1 : Storage in 30 000 m3 artificial lake equipped by two
surface aerators
wastewater • Step 2 : Storage in 27m3 covered tank
• Step 3 : Pumping station (8.5 bars) and filtration station (4
routing self cleaning 200μm screen filters and 400 m3/hour of flow
rate each
Water Quality of the treated wastewater-
Primary treatment : decantation sand
Secondary treatment : filtration-percolation
Tertiary treatment : ultraviolet radiation
Table : Microbiological characteristics of reclaimed wastewater used in the
Ocean Golf course
Limit values for
Delivery irrigation with
pipeline reclaimed water
Parameters Units Sprinkler (WHO standards)
Fecal coliforms CFU/100 ml 111 60 < 200
Vibrio cholerae CFU/100 ml Absence Absence Absence
Salmonella sp. CFU/5L Absence Absence Absence
Helminth eggs Eggs/L 0.2 0.15 1
Water Quality of treated wastewater -
Physicochemical characteristics of reclaimed wastewater used in the Ocean Golf course
Recommended limits
Delivery pipeline
Parameters Units (FAO regulations)
pH 7,94 6,5 – 8
Conductivity mS/cm at 25°C 3,35 3
Suspended Matter mg/l 12
Bicarbonates mg/l 813 518
Sodium mg/l 460 -
Calcium mg/l 200,4 -
Magnesium mg/l 67 -
Potassium mg/l 41 -
Phosphate mg/l 0,74 -
Nitrates mg/l 410 30
Chloride mg/l 680 -
Sulfates mg/l 122 -
Soduim Adsorption
7.09
Ratio (SAR)
Soluble Sodium
% 54.30
Percentage (SSP)
Major Problems issues faced by using treated wastewater-
Forming of brown deposits in storage ponds and delivery pipelines.
Clogging of sprinklers
Non uniformity of watering that causes yellow spots in the turf grass.