Table Of ContentBeauty and Body Dysmorphic Disorder
Neelam A. Vashi
Editor
Beauty and Body
Dysmorphic Disorder
A Clinician’s Guide
1 3
Editor
Neelam A. Vashi, MD
Assistant Professor of Dermatology
Director of Research in Cosmetic and Laser Medicine
Director, Boston University Center for Ethnic Skin
Boston University School of Medicine
Boston Medical Center
609 Albany St, J602
Boston, MA 02118
ISBN 978-3-319-17866-0 ISBN 978-3-319-17867-7 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-17867-7
Library of Congress Control Number: 2015942461
Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015
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Acknowledgments
To my wonderful parents, Ajit and Kaumudini, my two sisters and best friends,
Roopal and Ronak, and especially to my loving husband, Eric, for supporting me
each and every day. I love you all. And in loving memory of Ginnie Secemsky; my
second mother, my confidant, my friend. I will miss you forever.
v
Contents
1 Historical Importance of Beauty ............................................................ 1
Neelam A. Vashi
2 Objective Aspects of Beauty .................................................................... 17
Neelam A. Vashi
3 Evolutionary Basis of Attraction ............................................................ 45
Neelam A. Vashi
4 Subjective Aspects of Beauty ................................................................... 63
Neelam A. Vashi and Ellinor R. Quay
5 Body Image and Body Image Dissatisfaction ........................................ 83
Elizabeth M. Damstetter and Neelam A. Vashi
6 Body Dysmorphic Disorder: Historical Aspects .................................... 95
Sarah H. Hsu and Neelam A. Vashi
7 Diagnosis of Body Dysmorphic Disorder ............................................... 103
Mohammad Jafferany, Katlein França and Neelam A. Vashi
8 Body Dysmorphic Disorder: Etiology and Pathophysiology ............... 115
Allison Weiffenbach and Roopal V. Kundu
9 Body Dysmorphic Disorder: Epidemiology and Specific Cohorts ...... 127
Kavitha K. Reddy and Justin Besen
vii
viii Contents
10 Body Dysmorphic Disorder: Effects of Aesthetic
Treatments and Implications for the Dermatologist
and Cosmetic Surgeon ........................................................................... 139
Yakir Levin and Emmy M. Graber
11 B ody Dysmorphic Disorder: Screening Patients and
Associated Algorithms ........................................................................... 147
Amanda Champlain and Anne Laumann
12 Therapeutic Interventions for Body Dysmorphic Disorder ............... 165
Rachel McAndrew, Eric Sorenson and John Koo
13 Prognosis and the Effect of Body Dysmorphic Disorder on Life ....... 177
Jonathan S. Thiele and Gareen Hamalian
14 A pproach and Resources ....................................................................... 191
Neelam A. Vashi and Mayra Buainain de Castro Maymone
Index ................................................................................................................ 207
Contributors
Justin Besen, MD Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of
Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
Mayra Buainain de Castro Maymone, MD, MSc Department of Dermatology,
Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
Amanda Champlain, MD Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University
Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
Elizabeth M. Damstetter, MD Department of Dermatology, Boston University
School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
Katlein França, MD, MSc Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery,
University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
Emmy M. Graber, MD, MBA Department of Dermatology, Boston University,
Cosmetic and Laser Center, Boston, MA, USA
Gareen Hamalian, MD, MPH Denver Health Medical Center, Denver, CO, USA
Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus,
Denver, CO, USA
Sarah H. Hsu Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center,
Boston, MA, USA
Mohammad Jafferany, MD, FAPA Department of Psychiatry, College of
Medicine, Central Michigan University, Saginaw, MI, USA
Psychodermatology Clinic, Jafferany Psychiatric Services, PLC, Saginaw, MI,
USA
John Koo, MD Department of Dermatology, University of California San
Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
ix
x Contributors
Roopal V. Kundu, MD Department of Dermatology, Northwestern Medicine,
Chicago, IL, USA
Anne Laumann, MBChB, MRCP (UK) Department of Dermatology,
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
Yakir Levin, MD, PhD Department of Dermatology, Wellman Center for
Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
Rachel McAndrew Department of Dermatology, University of California San
Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
Ellinor R. Quay, MD Dermatology Resident, Boston University School of
Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
Kavitha K. Reddy, MD Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of
Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
Eric Sorenson, AB Department of Dermatology, University of California San
Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
Jonathan Stuart Thiele, MD Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado
Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
Neelam A. Vashi, MD Department of Dermatology, Cosmetic and Laser Center,
Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
Allison Weiffenbach, BS New York Medical College, New York, USA
Chapter 1
Historical Importance of Beauty
Neelam A. Vashi
The Beauty Background
We, as a society, have a deeply rooted obsession with beauty. From little girls try-
ing on their mother’s high heels to elderly women spending hours in salons dyeing
and styling their hair, the indulgence to look and feel beautiful pervades all age
groups and walks of society. This insurmountable fascination is illustrated by the
814,000,000 results on a Google search engine, where one can read about all the
new advice, secrets, and tricks to look more beautiful. We even have whole maga-
zine editions dedicated to show and exalt the most beautiful in society. Our fascina-
tion is not dumbfounded as it pays to be beautiful. Now a common household name
and the highest paid supermodel in the world, Gisele Bundchen (Fig. 1.1) earned
$ 42 million in 2013, even more than her equally famous football quarterback hus-
band, Tom Brady, who made $ 38.3 million [1]. The ten highest paid supermodels in
the world collectively brought home $ 82.8 million in 2013 [1]. In 2012, the median
household income for the USA was $ 51,371, a pale comparison [2]. Although the
average person makes far less than the most beautiful, the average will still pay to
try and enhance his or her own attractiveness. Even during times of economic re-
cession, when consumer spending typically declines, women’s spending on beauty
products—the so-called lipstick effect—appears to increase [3]. Interestingly, this is
a phenomenon that occurs worldwide. The Kalahari Bushmen of Africa use animal
fats as skin moisturizers even during times of famine [4, 5]. In modern day society,
studies do show that faces with makeup are viewed as more attractive, feminine,
and healthy [6]. The mass market has clearly picked up on our preoccupation with
N. A. Vashi ()
Department of Dermatology, Cosmetic and Laser Center, Boston University, 609 Albany Street,
J602, Boston, MA 02118 USA
e-mail: [email protected]
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 1
N. A. Vashi (ed.), Beauty and Body Dysmorphic Disorder,
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-17867-7_1
