Barton Bendish and Caldecote: Fieldwork in South West Norfolk

112 Pages·1997·23.856 MB·English

by  Andrew Rogerson, Alan Davison, David Pritchard, Robert Silvester

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EASTANGLIANARCHAEOLOGY

Frontispiece: RAF vertical aerial view ofthe north-western partofBarton Bendish, 13thJanuary 1946,showing the
main village withearthworksiteSMR 18851 top right. (3G/UK/52/Pt.I/5176: Crown Copyrightreserved)
Barton Bendish
and Caldecote:
fieldwork in
south-west Norfolk
by Andrew Rogerson,
Alan Davison,
David Pritchard and
Robert Silvester
with contributions from
Steven Ashley, AlexandraLittle,
Alison Locker and Peter Murphy
illustrations by
Steven Ashley, Brian Cushion,
David Fox and Hoste Spalding
and photographs by
Derek A. Edwards and
David Pritchard
EastAnglianArchaeology
ReportNo.80, 1997
FieldArchaeologyDivision
NorfolkMuseums Sevice
EASTANGLIANARCHAEOLOGY
REPORTN0.80
Publishedby
FieldArchaeologyDivision
NorfolkMuseums Service
Union House
Gressenhall
Dereham
NorfolkNR204DR
inconjunctionwith
TheScoleArchaeologicalCommittee
Editor:PeterWade-Martins
EAAManagingEditor: Jenny Glazebrook
ScoleEditorial sub-committee:
DavidBuckley, CountyArchaeologist,EssexPlanningDepartment
KeithWade, CountyArchaeologicalOfficer, SuffolkPlanningDepartment
PeterWade-Martins,CountyFieldArchaeologist, NorfolkMuseumsService
StanleyWest
SetinTimesRoman byJoan Daniellsusing® Core! Ventura
PrintedbyWitley PressLtd.,Hunstanton, Norfolk
©FIELDARCHAEOLOGYDIVISION, NORFOLKMUSEUMS SERVICE
ISBN090559421 5
FordetailsofEastAnglianArchaeology, seelastpage
This volume is published with the aid ofagrantfrom EnglishHeritage
Coverillustration
BartonBendish, lookingeast from StMary'schurch along theformer village
streettowardsStAndrew'schurch. Photo: AndrewRogerson
Contents
ListofContents V Chapter 2.Excavations at Church Street
'
ListofPlates vi Barton Bendish, by David Pritchard
ListofFigures vi
I Summary 43
ListofTables vii
11 Introduction 43
Contributors vii
Thesite 43
Acknowledgements viii
Thegeology 43
Preface VIII Archaeologicalsummary 44
Ill Description ofExcavation 44
Chapter 1.An archaeological and historical Methodofexcavation 44
Period I 48
survey ofthe parish ofBarton Bendish,
Period11 48
by Andrew Rogerson with Alan Davison
Period Ill 51
I Summary 1
Period IV 56
11 Introduction 1
IV TheArtefacts, byAlexandraLittle 56
TheSurvey 2
Coins 56
TheParish 3
Copperalloyobjects 56
Ill Prehistory 6
Ironobjects 59
Palaeolithic 6
Thestonecoffinlid, byStevenAshley 59
Mesolithic 6
Pottery 59
NeolithicandBronzeAge 6
Clay tobaccopipes 66
'Potboiler'sites 6
Lavaquerns 66
Discussion 6
IronAge- introduction 8 Buildingmaterial 66
GazetteerofIronAgesites 8 V TheEnvironmentalEvidence 66
Plantand animal macrofossils, by
IronAge-discussion 13
PeterMurphy with anote onthefish
IV Romano-British Period 13
Introduction 13 bonesbyAlison Locker 66
GazetteerofRomano-Britishsites 13 VI Discussionand Conclusions 75
Discussion 14
V Anglo-Saxon Period 17
EarlySaxon- introduction 17 Chapter 3. Multi-period Occupation at
GazetteerofEarlySaxonsites 18
Caldecote, Oxborough, by Robert Silvester
Otherfinds ofEarly Saxon material 18 n
I s~~ry
MiddleSaxon 21 11 Introduction n
LateSaxon- introduction 21 m TheSite: TopographyandSoils n
GazetteerofLateSaxon sites 22 w
TheApproachtoFieldSurvey 79
TheDomesdayEvidence 22
V Results 79
DomesdayandArchaeology-
Mesolithicto BronzeAge 79
discussion 22
VI TheMedieval Period 26 IronAge 83
Introduction 26 Roman 83
Documentarybackground 26 EarlySaxon 83
Sitegazetteer 29 MiddleSaxon 83
Themain village- discussion 31 LateSaxon 83
Eastmoor- discussion 31 Medieval 83
VII BartonBendish:astudy from Post-medieval 88
DocumentarySources,byAlan Davison 33 VI Discussion 88
Post-medieval 33 Methodology 88
Comparisonwithearliersources and Analysis and representation 88
comments on themedieval period 38 Thearchaeology 90
BartonBendish sincec.1612 41
Postscript 41 Bibliography 91
VIII Conclusions 41 Index, byAnnHudson 94
V
List of Plates
Frontispiece: RAF vertical aerial view of the north- Chapter2BartonBendishExcavation
western partofBarton Bendish Pl.IV RAFaerial view ofthe excavations 43
PI.V AreaB, soil markofditch 307after
Chapter1BartonBendishSurvey machineclearance 55
PI.I RAFvertical aerial view ofthe PI.VI AreaB, ditch 307facing north 55
intersection oftheeast-to-west PI.VII AreaB,ditch307facing east 55
Roman road and theDevil's Dyke 2 PI.VIII AreaD,ditch 422 facing east 55
Pl.II RAFvertical aerial view ofthe PI.IX AreaA,wall 203 55
northern partofEastmoorhamlet 26 PI.X AreaD, general view atearly stage
PI.III RAFvertical aerial view ofthe ofexcavation,looking north-east 55
eastern partofthe main village 30
Chapter3 CaldecoteSurvey
Pl.XI Aerial viewofthesurveyedfield 78
List of Figures
Chapter1BartonBendishSurvey Fig.I8 Plan showing areasofexcavation,
Fig.I Location map ix Scale I:2500 45
Fig.2 Locationmap, civil parish Fig.l9 Key to plans and sections 45
boundaries,contours infeet X Fig.20 Plan ofallfeatures inAreas Aand
Fig.3 BartonBendishparish,fieldwork BScale 1:200 46
intensity,Scale I:30000 9 Fig.2I Plan ofall features inAreasCand
f'ig.4 Barton Bendishparish, Neolithic DScale I:200 47
finds, Scale 1:30000 10 Fig.22 Plan ofPeriod I-IIIfeatures ineast
Fig.5 BartonBendishparish,BronzeAge partofAreaA,Scale 1:200 48
sites andfinds,Scale 1:30000 11 Fig.23 Plan ofPeriod11-IVfeatures in
Fig.6 BartonBendishparish, 'potboiler' AreaB,Scale 1:100 49
sites, Scale 1:30000 12 Fig.24 Sections ofditch 307, Scale 1:40 50
Fig.7 BartonBendishparish,IronAge Fig.25 PlanofPeriod11and Illfeatures in
sites and finds, Scale I:30000 15 AreaD,Scale 1:200 51
Fig.8 BartonBendishparish, Fig.26 AreaDsections, Scale 1:20 52
Romano-British sitesand finds, Fig.27 Plan and sections offeature 201,
Scale 1:30000 16 Scale 1:40 54
Fig.9 TheprovinceoftheWissa, a Fig.28 Copperalloy objects,Scale 1:1 57
suggested location,Scale 1:200000 18 Fig.29 Iron objects, Scale I:2 58
Fig.IO BartonBendishparish,Early Fig.30 Stonecoffin lid, Scale 1:3 60
Saxon sitesand finds, Scale Fig.3l Pottery, Scale 1:4 63
1:30000 19 Fig.32 Abreakdown ofmain fabric types
Fig.II Barton Bendishparish,finds of inAreaAexpressedin termsof
MiddleSaxon Ipswich-typeware sherd numberand weight 64
Scale 1:30000 20 Fig.33 Abreakdown ofmainfabric types
Fig.l2 Barton Bendishparish, LateSaxon inAreaBexpressed in terms of
sitesand finds, Scale 1:30000 23 sherd number 65
Fig.l3 LateSaxon and medieval sites in Fig.34 Abreakdown ofmain fabric types
theareaofthe main villageof in AreaDexpressed in termsof
BartonBendish,Scale 1:7500 24 sherd number 65
Fig.14 BartonBendishparish, medieval
sitesand finds, Scale I:30000 27 Chapter3CaldecoteSurvey
Fig.l5 Earthworks nearAbbeyFarm, Fig.35 Soils and topography, Scale 1:5000 80
Scale 1:2500 28 Fig.36 Survey grid notation,Scale 1:5000 80
Fig.16 The topography ofBartonBendish Fig.37 Distribution ofall workedflint,
parish inc.1612 32 Scale 1:5000 81
Fig.38 Distribution ofMesolithicflints,
Chapter2BartonBendish Excavations Scale 1:5000 81
Fig.17 Locationmap, theexcavations and Fig.39 Distribution offlint blades, Scale
themain village, Scale 1:5000 44 1:5000 82
VI