Augustus

574 Pages·2009·5.84 MB·English

by  Emperor of Rome Augustus

Edited by JONATHAN EDMONDSON
EDINBURGH READINGS ON THE ANCIENT WORLD
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AUGUSTUS
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EDINBURGH READINGS ON THE ANCIENT WORLD
general editors
Michele George, McMaster University
Thomas Harrison, University of Liverpool
advisory editors
Paul Cartledge, University of Cambridge
Richard Saller, Stanford University
This series introduces English-speaking students to central themes
in the history of the ancient world and to the range of scholarly
approaches to those themes, within and across disciplines. Each
volume, edited and introduced by a leading specialist, contains a
selection of the most important work, including a significant
proportion of translated material. The editor also provides a guide
to the history of modern scholarship on the subject. Passages in
ancient languages are translated; technical terms, ancient and
modern, are explained.
published
Sparta
Edited by Michael Whitby
Sex and Difference in Ancient Greece and Rome
Edited by Mark Golden and Peter Toohey
Greeks and Barbarians
Edited by Thomas Harrison
The Ancient Economy
Edited by Walter Scheidel and Sitta von Reden
Roman Religion
Edited by Clifford Ando
Athenian Democracy
Edited by P. J. Rhodes
The Athenian Empire
Edited by Polly Low
Augustus
Edited by Jonathan Edmondson
in preparation
Greek Athletics
Edited by Jason König
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A U G U S T U S
Edited by
Jonathan Edmondson
EDINBURGH UNIVERSITY PRESS
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© in this edition Edinburgh University Press, 2009
© in the individual contributions is retained by the authors
Edinburgh University Press Ltd
22George Square, Edinburgh
www.euppublishing.com
Typeset in Sabon
by Norman Tilley Graphics Ltd, Northampton
and printed and bound in Great Britain
by CPI Antony Rowe, Chippenham and Eastbourne
A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library
isbn978 074861594 0(hardback)
The right of the contributors
to be identified as authors of this work
has been asserted in accordance with
the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
Published with the support of the Edinburgh University
Scholarly Publishing Initiatives Fund.
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Contents
Illustrations vii
Acknowledgments xii
Note to the Reader xiv
Abbreviations xvi
Map of the Roman Empire, c. ad 14 xxx
Introduction: Approaching the Age of Augustus 1
part i the NOVUS STATUS: from III VIR REI PUBLICAE
CONSTITUENDAE to PRINCEPS
Introduction to Part I 33
1 Imperator Caesar: A Study in Nomenclature 40
Ronald Syme
2 Triumvirate and Principate 60
Fergus Millar
3 The Powers of Augustus 90
Jean-Louis Ferrary, trans. Jonathan Edmondson
4 Augustus, War and Peace 137
J. W. Rich
5 Livia and the Womanhood of Rome 165
Nicholas Purcell
part ii RES PUBLICA RESTITUTA
Introduction to Part II 197
6 The Political Significance of Augustus’ Military Reforms 203
Kurt A. Raaflaub
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vi Contents
7 The Administrative Reforms of Augustus: Pragmatism
or Systematic Planning? 229
Werner Eck, trans. Claus Nader
8 Family and Inheritance in the Augustan Marriage Laws 250
Andrew Wallace-Hadrill
9 To Honour the Princeps and Venerate the Gods:
Public Cult, Neighbourhood Cults, and Imperial Cult
in Augustan Rome 275
John Scheid, trans. Jonathan Edmondson
part iii images of power and the
power of images
Introduction to Part III 303
10 Monuments of the Battle of Actium: Propaganda and
Response 310
Tonio Hölscher, trans. Claus Nader
11 Meretrix regina: Augustan Cleopatras 334
Maria Wyke
12 Cybele, Virgil and Augustus 381
T. P. Wiseman
13 Livy, Augustus, and the Forum Augustum 399
T. J. Luce
part iv the impact of augustus in the
roman provinces
Introduction to Part IV 419
14 Colonia Augusta Emerita, Capital of Lusitania 427
Walter Trillmich, trans. Claus Nader
15 The Cities of the Greek World under Augustus 468
Glen Bowersock
Chronology 483
Glossary 494
Guide to Further Reading 503
Bibliography 509
Index 531
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Illustrations
Map of the Roman Empire, c. ad 14 xxx
Fig. 3.1 Aureus of Octavian, 28 bc. Obverse: Head of
Octavian, with laurel wreath. IMP. CAESAR DIVI F.
COS. VI. Reverse: Octavian, sitting on sella curulis, with
a scroll in his r. hand. LEGES ET IVRA P R RESTITVIT
(“He restored the laws and rights of the Roman people”).
British Museum, London. (Photo © Trustees of the British
Museum) 92
Fig. 9.1 Map of cult places in and near Rome.
1. Periphery; 2. Urban centre 283
Figs 10.1 and 10.2 Frieze with naval trophies and priestly
emblems, Rome. Musei Capitolini, Rome. (Photo:
DAI-Rome, neg. 31.657-658) 315
Fig. 10.3 Frieze from the Temple of the Deified Iulius,
Rome. Antiquario forense, Rome. (Photo: DAI-Rome,
neg. 63.1230) 316
Figs 10.4 and 10.5 Sections from the frieze of the Temple
of Apollo in circo (Apollo Sosianus), Rome. Centrale
Montemartini, Musei Capitolini, Rome. (Photo:
DAI-Rome, neg. 71.45 and 60.1252) 320
Fig. 10.6 Neo-Attic relief with Victory and a trophy.
Museo Nazionale delle Terme, Rome. (Photo: museum) 321
Fig. 10.7 Neo-Attic relief with Victory, a trophy, and a
warrior. Musée du Louvre, Paris. (Photo: M. Chuzeville,
Paris) 322
Fig. 10.8 Terracotta roof-tile with naval trophy.
Akademisches Kunstmuseum, Bonn. (Photo: J. Schubert,
Archäologisches Institut und Akademisches Kunstmuseum,
Universität Bonn, neg. 07-2307) 325
Fig. 10.9 Terracotta roof-tile with Victory and Capricorns.
Private collection, Heidelberg. (Photo: H. Vögele,
Heidelberg) 326
vii
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viii Illustrations
Fig. 10.10 Sardonyx cameo with Neptune/Octavian on a
chariot drawn by sea-horses. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.
(Photo: museum) 327
Fig. 10.11 Cameo with Augustus in a quadriga drawn by
Tritons. Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna. (Photo:
museum) 328
Fig. 10.12 Gemstone with Neptune/Octavian. Kestner
Museum, Hannover. (Photo: museum) 329
Fig. 10.13 Arretine vase with Apollo and Victory. Museum
of Fine Arts, Boston. (Photo: museum) 330
Fig. 10.14 Oil-lamp with Victory on a globe. Vindonissa
Museum, Brugg (Switzerland). (Photo: after A. Leibundgut,
Die römischen Lampen in der Schweiz, Berne: Francke,
1977, fig. 23.3) 331
Fig. 10.15 Oil-lamp with Victory and clipeus virtutis (shield
of virtue). Carthage: Musée de Carthage. (Photo: after
T. Hölscher, Victoria romana, Mainz: P. von Zabern,
1967, pl. 13.2) 332
Fig. 11.1 Cleopatra’s bronze coinage from Cyprus, dated
c. 47–30 bc. British Museum, London. (Photo © The
Trustees of the British Museum) 340
Fig. 11.2 Silver denarius of Antony, dated c. 32 bc. British
Museum, London. (Photo © The Trustees of the British
Museum) 352
Fig. 11.3 Coin issued to celebrate the Actian victory. British
Museum, London. (Photo © The Trustees of the British
Museum) 363
Fig. 11.4 Coin issued in celebration of the capture of Egypt,
dated c. 28–27 bc. British Museum, London. (Photo ©
The Trustees of the British Museum) 364
Fig. 11.5 Coin issued in celebration of Julius Caesar’s Gallic
victories, dated c. 48 bc. British Museum, London.
(Photo © The Trustees of the British Museum) 366
Fig.11.6 Coin marking Julius Caesar’s victories in Gaul,
dated c. 48 bc. British Museum, London. (Photo © The
Trustees of the British Museum) 367
Fig. 11.7 Statue of Augustus from Prima Porta, detail of
cuirass. Vatican Museums. (Photo: Alinari/Art Resource
NY: ART 130614) 369
Fig. 11.8 Detail of breastplate of statue of Augustus from
Prima Porta. Vatican Museums. (Photo: DAI-Rome
neg. 37.744) 370
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Illustrations ix
Fig. 12.1 Sketch-map of central Rome and the western corner
of the Palatine in the time of Augustus (T. P. Wiseman) 391
Fig. 12.2 The Gemma Augustea. Kunsthistorisches
Museum, Vienna. (Photo: museum) 396
Fig. 13.1 View of the Forum Augustum, Rome, with the
Temple of Mars Ultor and part of the exedra of the
portico on the south-east side. (Photo: J. Edmondson) 400
Fig. 13.2 Plan of the Forum Augustum, with a proposed
reconstruction of its sculptural programme. (After
P. Zanker, Forum Augustum. Tübingen, c. 1968.) 401
Fig. 14.1 1 [= Taf. 22.1]. Silver denarius, issued by P. Carisius
(BMC I no. 279 & plate 5.3). British Museum, London.
(Photo © The Trustees of the British Museum); 2 [= Taf.
22.2]. Silver denarius, issued by P. Carisius (BMC I no. 280
& plate 5.4). British Museum, London. (Photo © The
Trustees of the British Museum); 3 [= Taf. 22.3]. Silver
denarius issued by P. Carisius (BMC I no. 286 & plate 5.7).
British Museum, London. (Photo © The Trustees of the
British Museum); 4 [= Taf. 22.4]. Silver denarius issued by
P. Carisius (BMC I no. 287 & plate 5.8). British Museum,
London. (Photo © The Trustees of the British Museum);
5 [= Taf. 22.5]. Silver quinarius issued by P. Carisius
(BMC I no. 295 & plate 5.14). British Museum, London.
(Photo © The Trustees of the British Museum); 6 [= Taf.
22.6]. Silver denarius issued by P. Carisius (BMC I no. 288
& plate 5.9). British Museum, London. (Photo © The
Trustees of the British Museum) 430
7 [= Taf. 22.7]. Silver denarius issued by Octavian,
c. 29–28 bc. Obv. Octavian; rev. Venus (BMC I no. 599
& plate 14.16). British Museum, London. (Photo © The
Trustees of the British Museum); 8 [= Taf. 22.8]. Silver
denarius issued by Octavian, c. 29–28 bc. Obv. Octavian;
rev. Victory (BMC I no. 602 & plate 14.18). British Museum,
London. (Photo © The Trustees of the British Museum);
9 [= Taf. 22.9]. Silver denarius issued by Octavian,
c. 29–28 bc. Obv. Octavian; rev. Pax (BMC I no. 605
& plate 15.2). British Museum, London. (Photo © The
Trustees of the British Museum); 10 [= Taf. 22.10].
Silver denarius issued by Octavian,c. 29–28 bc. Obv.
head of Mars; rev. shield with sidus Iulium (BMC I no.
644 & Plate 15.18). British Museum, London. (Photo
© The Trustees of the British Museum); 11 [= Taf. 22.11].