Audel Air Conditioning Home and Commercial

504 Pages·2004·14.76 MB·english

by  Miller R.

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AudelTM
Air Conditioning: Home
and Commercial
All New 5th Edition
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AudelTM
Air Conditioning: Home
and Commercial
All New 5th Edition
Rex Miller
Mark Richard Miller
Edwin P. Anderson
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VicePresidentandExecutiveGroupPublisher:RichardSwadley
VicePresidentandExecutivePublisher:RobertIpsen
VicePresidentandPublisher:JosephB.Wikert
ExecutiveEditor:CarolA.Long
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TextDesign&Composition:TechBooks
Copyright(cid:2)C 2004byWileyPublishing,Inc.Allrightsreserved.
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Contents
Acknowledgments xix
About the Authors xxi
Introduction xxiii
Chapter 1 Air-Conditioning Fundamentals 1
Properties of Air 1
Air Circulation 2
Cleaning and Filtering 2
Basic Information 3
HeatTransfer 3
SensibleHeat 4
SpecificHeat 4
LatentHeat 4
LatentHeatofFusion 4
LatentHeatofEvaporation 5
Superheat 5
Pressure–TemperatureRelationship 5
Measurements and Measuring Devices 7
Thermometer 7
Barometer 8
SlingPsychrometer 9
PressureGages 10
BritishThermalUnit 10
RefrigerationCapacityMeasurements 10
Summary 12
Review Questions 13
Chapter 2 Psychrometry 15
Air and Water-Vapor Mixtures 15
Humidifying and Dehumidifying 15
Relative Humidity 15
RelativeHumidityMeasurements 16
GrainsofMoisture 16
SpecificVolume 17
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Dew-PointTemperature 17
EffectiveTemperature 17
Dry-BulbTemperature 17
Wet-BulbTemperature 17
Wet-BulbDepression 18
Temperature-HumidityIndex 18
TotalHeatContent 18
Psychrometric Charts 18
PsychrometricChartInstructions 19
CalculationExamples 19
Comfort Chart 25
Summary 27
Review Questions 27
Chapter 3 Heat Leakage 29
Calculation Examples 30
Example 30
Solution 30
Reference Tables 30
Summary 52
Review Questions 52
Chapter 4 Ventilation Requirements 53
Air Leakage 53
Natural Ventilation 53
WindForces 53
Temperature-DifferenceForces 54
CombinedWindandTemperatureForces 55
RoofVentilators 55
VentilatorCapacity 56
Fresh-Air Requirements 57
Mechanical Ventilation 58
VolumeofAirRequired 58
Duct-SystemResistance 59
Air Filtration 60
EffectofDustonHealth 60
VariousDustSources 61
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Air-Filter Classification 61
DryFilters 62
Wet(orViscous)Filters 63
Filter Installation 66
Humidity-Control Methods 69
Humidifiers 69
Air-WasherMethod 69
PanHumidifiers 70
ElectricallyOperatedHumidifiers 71
Air-OperatedHumidifiers 71
Dehumidifiers 73
ElectricDehumidification 74
Controls 75
Adsorption-TypeDehumidifiers 76
Air-Duct Systems 77
HeatGainsinDucts 79
ResistanceLossesinDuctSystems 85
Fans and Blowers 89
AirVolume 90
HorsepowerRequirements 90
DriveMethods 91
FanSelection 92
FanApplications 93
FanOperation 94
Attic-FanInstallation 95
FanOperation 97
Summary 97
Review Questions 98
Chapter 5 Room Air Conditioners 101
Operation 101
Cooling Capacity 103
Capacity Requirements 103
Installation Methods 104
Double-HungWindowInstallation 106
CasementWindowInstallation 111
OutsideSupportBracket 115
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Console-TypeRoomAir-Conditioning
Systems 116
Electrical System 122
ElectricalComponents 124
FanMotors 127
Thermostats 128
UnitControlSwitch 129
Service Operations 129
DismantlingWindowAirConditioners 130
ElectricalTesting 130
CompressorandMotor 135
OilingofMotors 137
LeaksinSystem 137
Filters 137
InteriorCleaning 137
WinterCare 137
Refrigerant-SystemService 138
Troubleshooting Guide
(Window-Mounted Units) 143
Summary 143
Review Questions 145
Chapter 6 Refrigerants 147
Desirable Properties 147
Chlorofluorocarbon Compounds (CFCs) 147
Classifications 148
Early Types of Refrigerants 150
SulfurDioxide 151
MethylChloride 151
EthylChloride 152
Ammonia 153
CarbonDioxide 154
Freezol(Isobutane) 154
CalciumChloride(CaCl ) 154
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Freon Refrigerants 156
Classifications 156
PropertiesofFreons 157
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Pressure-Temperature Chart 160
Refrigerant Characteristics 160
CriticalTemperature 160
Hydrofluorocarbons(HFCs) 162
LatentHeatofEvaporation 162
SpecificHeat 163
PowerConsumption 163
VolumeofLiquidCirculated 164
Simple Refrigeration System 164
Handling Refrigerants 166
StoringandHandlingRefrigerant
Cylinders 166
CylinderCapacity 167
FirstAid 168
Summary 169
Review Questions 169
Chapter 7 Compressors for Air Conditioners 171
Mechanical Components 171
Compressors 171
Condensers 173
Receivers 173
Evaporators 173
RefrigerantControls 174
ExpansionValves 174
Refrigeration Cycle 174
Refrigerants 175
Compressors 176
ReciprocatingCompressors 177
DriveMethods 177
CompressorValves 178
PistonsandPistonRings 178
ConnectingRods 181
Crankshafts 181
ShaftSeals 183
LubricationandCooling 184
Rotary Compressors 184
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Scroll Compressors 189
ScrollCompressionProcess 189
Operation 191
ScrollCompressorModels 192
Centrifugal Compressors 192
ConstructionFeatures 195
LubricationSystem 196
Installation and Maintenance 198
Foundation 198
MotorandBelts 199
CompressorFlow-BackProtection 199
ValveMaintenance 200
Shaft-SealLeaks 201
CompressorKnocks 202
StuckorTightCompressor 202
CompressorRemoval 202
CompressorReplacement 203
CompressorStartup 203
WinterShutdownofWater-Cooled
Compressors 204
Compressor Characteristics 205
CompressorPerformance 205
CompressorCapacity 205
MechanicalEfficiency 205
VolumetricEfficiency 205
CompressorEfficiencyTest 205
Troubleshooting Guide 214
Summary 214
Review Questions 215
Chapter 8 Condensing Equipment for Air
Conditioners 217
Air-Cooled Condensers 217
Water-Cooled Condensers 219
Cooling-WaterCircuits 220
TypesofWater-CooledCondensers 220