AP Biology : 2014-2015 edition

371 Pages·2013·10.01 MB·English

by  Mark Anestis

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5 STEPS TO A 5
AP Biolog y
2014-2015
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5
5 STEPS TO A
AP Biolog y
2014-2015
Mark Anestis • Kellie Ploeger Cox, PhD
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ABOUT THE AUTHORS
MARK ANESTIS was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and has lived in Connecticut since
the age of six. He graduated from Weston High School in Weston, Connecticut, in 1993
and attended Yale University. While taking science courses in preparation for medical
school, he earned a bachelor’s degree cum laude in economics. He attended the University
of Connecticut School of Medicine for two years and passed the step 1 boards, then chose
to redirect his energy toward educating students in a one-on-one environment. He is the
founder and director of The Learning Edge, a tutoring company based in Hamden,
Connecticut (www.thelearningedge.net). Since January 2000, he has been tutoring high
school students in math, the sciences, and standardized test preparation (including the
SAT, ACT, and SAT Subject Tests). In addition to this review book, he has coauthored
McGraw-Hill’s SAT, McGraw-Hill’s PSAT/NMSQT, and McGraw-Hill’s 12 SAT Practice
Tests and PSAT. He lives with his wife and sons in Hamden, Connecticut.
The author also created the SAT Ladder app (www.satladder.com), which allows students
to prepare for the SAT while competing against other students to see how high they can climb
on the SAT Ladder. The app is available on the App Store.
KELLIE PLOEGER COX is from Spokane, Washington. She earned her PhD in
microbiology, molecular biology, and biochemistry from the University of Idaho. She now
lives in Connecticut, where she has been a member of the science department at Hopkins
School since 1999. Kellie teaches Introductory Biology, AP Biology, and Contemporary
Issues in Biology and loves all things nerdy. She lives in Southington with her husband,
Bobby, and her two girls, Raina and Kenley, along with a gaggle of critters.
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CONTENTS
Preface xiii
Acknowledgments xv
Introduction: The Five-Step Program xvii
The Four “Big Ideas” of AP Biology xxi
STEP 1 Set Up Your Study Program
1 What You Need to Know About the AP Biology Exam 3
Background of the Advanced Placement Program 3
Who Writes the AP Biology Exam 4
The AP Grades and Who Receives Them 4
Reasons for Taking the AP Biology Exam 4
Questions Frequently Asked About the AP Biology Exam 5
2 How to Plan Your Time 8
Three Approaches to Preparing for the AP Biology Exam 8
Calendar for Each Plan 10
STEP 2 Determine Your Test Readiness
3 Take a Diagnostic Exam 15
Diagnostic/Master Exam: AP Biology 19
Answers and Explanations 26
Scoring and Interpretation 29
STEP 3 Develop Strategies for Success
4 How to Approach Each Question Type 33
Multiple-Choice Questions 34
Free-Response Questions 34
STEP 4 Review the Knowledge You Need to Score High
5 Chemistry 39
Introduction 39
Elements, Compounds, Atoms, and Ions 39
Lipids, Carbohydrates, and Proteins 41
Enzymes 45
pH: Acids and Bases 47
Reactions 47
Review Questions 48
Answers and Explanations 49
Rapid Review 50
6 Cells 51
Introduction 51
Types of Cells 52
Organelles 52
❮ vii
viii ❯ Contents
Cell Membranes: Fluid Mosaic Model 54
Types of Cell Transport 55
Review Questions 56
Answers and Explanations 58
Rapid Review 59
7 Respiration 61
Introduction 61
Aerobic Respiration 62
Anaerobic Respiration 68
Review Questions 70
Answers and Explanations 71
Rapid Review 72
8 Photosynthesis 73
Introduction 73
The Players in Photosynthesis 74
The Reactions of Photosynthesis 75
Types of Photosynthesis 80
Review Questions 82
Answers and Explanations 83
Rapid Review 84
9 Cell Division 86
Introduction 86
Cell Division in Prokaryotes 87
The Cell Cycle 87
Mitosis 88
Control of Cell Division 89
Haploid Versus Diploid Organisms 90
Meiosis 90
Life Cycles 93
Sources of Cell Variation 94
Review Questions 95
Answers and Explanations 96
Rapid Review 96
10 Heredity 98
Introduction 98
Terms Important in Studying Heredity 99
Mendel and His Peas 100
Intermediate Inheritance 101
Other Forms of Inheritance 102
Sex Determination and Sex Linkage 104
Linkage and Gene Mapping 105
Heads or Tails? 106
Pedigrees 106
Common Disorders 108
Chromosomal Complications 109
Review Questions 110
Answers and Explanations 113
Rapid Review 115