Analysis of Genes and Genomes

492 Pages·2004·10.666 MB·English

by  Richard J. Reece

Analysis of Genes
and Genomes
Richard J. Reece
UniversityofManchester,UK
John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Analysis of Genes
and Genomes

Analysis of Genes
and Genomes
Richard J. Reece
UniversityofManchester,UK
John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Copyright2004 JohnWiley&SonsLtd,TheAtrium,SouthernGate,Chichester,
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Reece,RichardJ.
Analysisofgenes&genomes/RichardJ.Reece.
p.;cm.
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN0-470-84379-9(cloth:alk.paper)–ISBN0-470-84380-2(paper:alk.paper)
1.Moleculargenetics–Research–Methodology. 2.Geneticengineering–Research–Methodology.
[DNLM:1.GeneticTechniques. 2.DNA–analysis. 3.Genome.QZ52R322a2003]
I.Title:Analysisofgenesandgenomes.II.Title.
QH442.R4452003
572.8(cid:1)6–dc21
2003012937
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0-470-84380-2(PB)
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For Judith

Contents
Preface xiii
Acknowledgements xv
Abbreviationsand acronyms xvii
1 DNA: Structureand function 1
1.1 Nucleicacid isthe material of heredity 2
1.2 Structureof nucleicacids 7
1.3 Thedoublehelix 11
1.3.1 The antiparallelhelix 12
1.3.2 Base pairs and stacking 14
1.3.3 Gaining access to informationwith thedouble
helix withoutbreakingit apart 16
1.3.4 Hydrogen bonding 17
1.4 Reversible denaturingof DNA 18
1.5 Structureof DNA in thecell 21
1.6 Theeukaryoticnucleosome 24
1.7 Thereplicationof DNA 28
1.8 DNA polymerases 31
1.9 Thereplicationprocess 33
1.10 Recombination 37
1.11 Genes and genomes 39
1.12 Genes withina genome 40
1.13 Transcription 43
1.13.1 Transcriptionin prokaryotes 43
1.13.2 Transcriptionin eukaryotes 46
1.14 RNA processing 54
1.14.1 RNA splicing 55
1.14.2 Alternative splicing 58
1.15 Translation 59
2 Basic techniquesin gene analysis 65
2.1 Restrictionenzymes 66
2.1.1 Types of restriction–modificationsystem 70
2.1.2 Other modificationsystems 72