Table Of Content

An Anglo-Saxon cemetery at Norton, Cleveland S J Sherlock and M G Welch with contributions by David Birkett, Carol Brown, Mandy Marlow, Sally Parker, Wendy Sherlock and Penelope Walton 1992 CBA Research Report 82 Council for British Archaeology Published 1992 by the Council for British Archaeology 112 Kennington Road, London SE11 6RE Copyright © 1992 Authors and Council for British Archaeology All rights reserved ISBN 1 872414 09 5 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Acatalogue for this book is available from the British Library In Memoriam David Birkett 1934–1990 The publishers acknowledge with gratitude a grant from Cleveland County Council towards the publication of this report Typeset in-house by Lisa Pickering Printed in Great Britain at Adpower Advertising, Halifax Cover photograph: The site of the Norton Saxon cemetery from the north, 1986 (photo: Blaise Vyner) Contents List of Figures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ii List of Tables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .v . List of Plates. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v. .i List of Colour Microfiche. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .v iii Summary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i.x 1 Introduction Discovery of Grave 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Archaeology and early history of Norton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Previous discoveries of Anglo-Saxon burials in north-east England. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 The historical context and place-name evidence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 2 The excavation Methodology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Pre-cemetery excavated features. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Layout of the Anglo-Saxon cemetery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 Grave structures and dimensions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Graves intercut by other features and multiple burials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Prone and crouched burial. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Disturbed burials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Cremation burials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 3 The grave finds Weapons: Spearheads and ferrules. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Shield bosses and fittings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Seax. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Dress fittings and ornaments: Cruciform brooches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Small-long brooch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Applied saucer brooch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Penannular brooches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Annular brooches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..41 Dress pins with spangles and hair pins. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42 Beads and related pendants... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Bracelets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Clasps or wrist-clasps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Buckles and belt sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Personal equipment: Knives. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Latchlifter-keys and girdle-hangers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Toilet implements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Combs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Bag and purse fittings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54 Other rings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Amulets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 The grave finds (cont.) Vessels: The Anglo-Saxon pottery by Wendy Sherlock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Wooden bowls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Bucket . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Repoussé bosses and punched decoration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 Textile remains by Penelope Walton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Conservation report and technological examination by Carol E Brown. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 4 The social structure of the Norton cemetery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 5 The Norton cemetery in its national and international context . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 6 The human remains The population by Mandy Marlow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 Skeletal pathology by David Birkett . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 Cremations by Sally Parker . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 7 Grave catalogue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 List of Figures Site location plan and extent of area excavated, showing the relationship of the cemetery to 1 the hollow-way and the later settlements at Billingham and Norton 2 Distribution of Anglo-Saxon burials in north-east England 3 Anglo-Saxon cemeteries in north-eastern England 4 Norton cemetery plan showing excavated features 5 Burial positions at Norton and Sewerby 6 Orientation of graves at the Norton cemetery 7 Alignment of graves at the Norton cemetery 8 Cemetery plan, showing, in the eastern part, the radiation of burials from a point to the south, the find spot of Bronze Age pottery and potentially originally a burial mound 9 Grave depth in relation to grave finds 10 Grave depth and number of artefacts per grave 11 Relative depth of graves below subsoil surface ii 12 Distribution of burial mode 13 Age at death related to length of spearhead 14 Distribution of knife forms 15 Types of punchmarks on metalwork (scale 2/l) 16 (a) Tabby weave; (b) 2/2 twill; (c) brocaded tablet weave with stitching from Grave 70 17 Number of artefact types with each burial 18 Average number of artefact types with each age group 19 Total number of artefact types with each age group 20 Total number of artefact types relative to body position 21 Distribution of rich female and weapon graves 22 Location of the burials 23 Distribution of weapon graves 24 Distribution of female dress accessories 25 Bone condition at Norton 26 Distribution of graves with beads 27 Distribution of pottery fabrics 28 Distribution of the sexes 29 Age distribution of juvenile burials 30 Age distribution of adult burials 31 Distribution of the non-metrical traits 32 Colour code for illustrated beads 33 Finds from Graves 1 - 4 34 Finds from Graves 4 - 7 35 Finds from Graves 9 - 11 36 Finds from Graves 11 - 19 37 Finds from Graves 19 - 21 38 Finds from Grave 22 39 Finds from Graves 23 - 27 40 Finds from Graves 28 - 29 41 Finds from Graves 29 - 30 iii 42 Finds from Graves 30 – 33 43 Finds from Graves 34 – 35 44 Finds from Grave 35 45 Finds from Graves 36 – 40 46 Finds from Graves 39 – 42 47 Finds from Graves 43 – 52 48 Finds from Graves 52 – 54 49 Finds from Grave 55 50 Finds from Graves 56 – 58 51 Finds from Graves 59 – 60 52 Finds from Graves 61 – 63 53 Finds from Graves 63 – 64 54 Finds from Graves 64 – 66 55 Finds from Graves 68 – 70 56 Finds from Graves 70 – 76 57 Finds from Graves 77 – 80 58 Finds from Graves 82 – 84 59 Finds from Graves 85 – 87 60 Finds from Graves 89 – 94 61 Finds from Graves 96 – 99 62 Finds from Graves 100 – 102 63 Finds from Graves 104 – 109 64 Finds from Graves 110 – 120 65 Finds from Grave 119 66 Finds from Grave 120 67 Stray finds from Norton cemetery 68 Location of artefacts in Graves 2 – 7 69 Location of artefacts in Graves 9 – 13 70 Location of artefacts in Graves 16 – 19 71 Location of artefacts in Graves 20 – 23 72 Location of artefacts in Graves 24 – 29 iv 73 Location of artefacts in Graves 30 – 35 74 Location of artefacts in Graves 36 – 40 75 Location of artefacts in Graves 41 – 45 76 Location of artefacts in Graves 48 – 54 77 Location of artefacts in Graves 55 – 58 78 Location of artefacts in Graves 59 – 64 79 Location of artefacts in Graves 65 – 69 80 Location of artefacts in Graves 70 – 76 81 Location of artefacts in Graves 78 – 82 82 Location of artefacts in Graves 84 – 87 83 Location of artefacts in Graves 90 – 98 84 Location of artefacts in Graves 99 – 105 85 Location of artefacts in Graves 106 – 109 86 Location of artefacts in Graves 110 – 113 87 Location of artefacts in Grave 120 List of Tables 1 Anglo-Saxon artefacts from Bernicia 2 Summary of burial, age, sex and grave finds at Norton 3 Variety of grave shapes 4 Ratio of grave width to length 5 Burial position and location in the west and eastern halves of Norton cemetery 6 Average number of artefact types with each burial mode 7 Textile remains from Norton cemetery 8 Analysis of social status in Norton (SOCISTAT) 9 Number of artefact types with each burial 10 Female grave assemblages 11 Male weapon assemblages 12 Other assemblages of grave finds v 13 Summary of social status and its relationship to grave depth 14 Sex distribution 15 Age distribution for child burials 16 Age and sex distribution of adult burials 17 Mean age at death 18 Stature 19a Platymeric index: means and range 19b Platymeric index: distribution % 20a Platycnemic index: means and range 20b Platycnemic index: distribution % 21 Average cephalic index 22 Non-metrical traits 23 Percentage incidence of ante-mortem tooth lost 24 Percentage incidence of caries in remaining teeth List of Plates 1 General view of excavations in 1985 2 Boundary ditches in the southern part of the site: view from west 3 Ditch 358 to the south of the cemetery 4 Pit 248; containing burnt stones 5 Graves at the eastern side of the cemetery after excavation 6 Grave 40; inhumation with silver bracelets on each wrist 7 Multiple burial, Grave 57, 58 and 59 (1 to r) 8 Grave 91; prone inhumation with the left arm under the body and the legs raised 9 Grave 99; prone inhumation with the hands raised and the legs drawn together 10 Grave 60; crouched inhumation with spearhead and shield boss 11 Grave 120; with spearhead resting upon a copper-alloy bound wooden bucket 12 Cruciform and small-long brooches 13 Class C2 cruciform brooch from Piercebridge vi

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An Anglo-Saxon Cemetery at Norton, Cleveland PDF

240 Pages·1992·11.183 MB·English
by  Stephen J. Sherlock, Martin G. Welch
#History #Archaeology
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Author:Stephen J. Sherlock, Martin G. Welch
Publication Year:1992
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Pages:240
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