Almond Breeding: Important issues and challenges for research Dr. Federico Dicenta

19 Pages·2015·0.9 MB·English

by  Federico Dicenta

Almond Breeding:
Important issues and challenges for research

F. Dicenta, J. Egea, E. Ortega, P. Martínez-Gómez, R. Sánchez-Pérez, M.
Rubio, P.J. Martínez-García, E.M. Gómez, J. del Cueto, A. Sánchez-
Prudencio and T. Cremades
Plant Breeding Department, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, 30100
Campus Universitario de Espinardo, Murcia, SPAIN.
e-mail: [email protected]
CSIC
Why breed almonds?
Solve problems by releasing new cultivars

California and Australia: High productivity.


Mediterranean countries: Low productivity.

Lost of production by frost.

Problems during pollination.

Rainfeed culture or low irrigation.

Cultivar situation
California: Nonpareil (40%), Carmel, Butte, Monterrey, etc.

Australia: Nonpareil (50%), Carmel, Prize.


Mediterranean and other contries:

A lot of authoctonous cultivars.

New cultivars from breeding programs:

Late blooming

Self-compatible

Results of breeding programs: the “new” cultivars
INRA CITA IRTA CEBAS-CSIC USA
Ferragnès Ayles Francolí Antoñeta Avalon
Ferraduel Guara Masbovera Marta Carmel
Lauranne Moncayo Glorieta Penta Butte
Mandaline Blanquerna Vayro Padre
Cambra Constantí Price
Felisia Marinada Sonora
Soleta Tarraco Sweetheart
Belona Winter
Mardía Independence
Vialfás Folsom
Other important results: scientific research
Genetic control:

Quantitative traits: Flowering, Maturity,…

Qualitative traits: Self-compatibility, Bitterness.


Floral biology:

Self-incompatibility.

Solid orchards with self-compatible cultivars.


Molecular markers:

Identification of cultivars (SSRs).

Early selection (locus S).


Other informations: Resistance, quality, etc..

Some practical examples for breeding
Predicting the values of seedlings.

Most of quantitative traits have high h2.


Assuring self-compatibility in the offspring.

SfSf, sharing Si-allele, self-pollination.


Avoiding bitter seeded seedlings.

Use of homozygous SS.


Early selection of self-compatible seedlings.

PCR allele specific of S-locus.

Early selection of self-compatible seedlings
Biotechnological advances:
Marker Assisted Selection
G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 G6 G7 G8
0 CPPCT027 0 UDP98-025 0 UDP97-403 0 BPPCT010 0 BPPCT026 0 CPPCT008 0 CPPCT022 0 BPPCT033
2 BPPCT007 2 CPPCT035
4 CPDCT047
6 UDP97-401
7 UDP96-005 7 BPPCT004 7 UDP96-019
SSShhhwww--- QQQ 111 9 pchgms2 9 UDP98-405
10 BPPCT002 10 BPPCT039
11 UDP98-408
12 UDP96-001
14 CPPCT028 14 CPPCT006
17 UDP96-013 17 BPPCT029
18 BPPCT021 18 UDP98-024 18 PS1H3
SSShhhwww ---QQQ 222 DDD-Q
21 BPPCT017
22 CPPCT002 22 BPPCT008
23 UDP97-402b 23 UDP98-407
26 UDP98-411
28 CPPCT026 28 Sk 28 CPPCT033
30 UDP96-008 30 PceGA025
31 PMS67 31 UDP97-402a
Lb P- Q
34 MA027a
Dk- Q Lf- Q 2
EPDCU4658
37 UDP96-003 38 EPDCU5183
Kw- Q 2 39 BPPCT038 39 BPPCT025
KKKwww--- QQQ 111
42 UDP98-409
43 UDP98-410
LLLfff--- QQQ 111
46 CPDCT027 46 UDP98-021
48 BPPCT011 48 EPDCU3392
50 BPPCT014
53 pchcms3
55 UDP98-406 56 S
58 CPPCT030
Simulation of early selection
1.000 seedlings
Self-compatibility Self-incompatible Self-compatible
(Sx,Sf x SySz) 500 500
Bitternes Bitter Sweet Bitter Sweet
(Ss x Ss) 125 375 125 375
Flowering time <x >x
<x >x <x >x <x >x
(> or < mean population) 63 63 188 188 63 63 188 188
Selection of seedlings in the orchard
Flowering Productivity Fruits traits