Alienation

351 Pages·06.384 MB·English

by  Richard Schacht

ALIENATION

A
l ie n a t io n
by Richard Schacht
WITH AN INTRODUCTORY ESSAY
BY WALTER KAUFMANN
DOUBLEDAY & COMPANY, INC.
GARDEN CITY, NEW YORK
1970
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOG CARD NUMBER: 7O-I16252
COPYRIGHT © 1970 BY RICHARD LAWRENCE SCHACHT
INTRODUCTORY ESSAY COPYRIGHT © 1970 BY WALTER KAUFMANN
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Designed by Wilma Robin
To my father and mother,
Robert H. and Alice M. Schacht

CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xi
introductory essay by Walter Kaufmann xiii
INTRODUCTION lix
1. THE LINGUISTIC AND INTELLECTUAL
BACKGROUND i
T radition al uses of “Alienation” and Entfremdung 1
i. The Term “Alienation” 1
ii. The Term Entfremdung $
H egel’s predecessors and contemporaries 7
1. Alienation in Earlier Theology 7
n. Alienation in Social Contract Theory 8
hi. Hegel's Contemporaries: Fichte and Schiller 13
Hegel’s early views 17
1. The “Early Theological Writings” 18
n. The Essay on Fichte and Schelling 22
in. Early Political Essays 25
2. HEGEL’S PHENOMENOLOGY OF SPIRIT 30
I. Introduction 30
II. First Sense of “Alienation” (as Separation) 37
hi. Second Sense of “Alienation” (as Surrender) 46
iv. Alienation, Objectification, and Otherness 54
v. The Overcoming of Alienationi 56
vi. Evaluation 60
• •
Vll
ALIENATION
3. MARX’S EARLY WRITINGS 65
1. Introduction 65
n. Man and Labor 73
in. The Alienation of One’s Product 84
iv. The Alienation of Labor 88
v. Alienation from Other Men 94
vi. Self-alienation 100
vn. The Origin and Overcoming of Alienation 106
viii. Concluding Remarks 111
4. ERICH FROMM AND KAREN HORNEY 115
E rich F romm 116
1. Introduction 116
n. Man’s Relation to Nature 118
hi. Man’s Relation to Others 122
iv. Man’s Relation to Society 127
v. Man’s Relation to Himself 130
vi. “Alienation” in Other Contexts 136
vn. Concluding Remarks 139
Karen Horney 140
I. New Ways in Psychoanalysis 141
II. Our Inner Conflicts 143
in. Neurosis and Human Growth 145
5. THE SOCIOLOGICAL LITERATURE 153
I. Introduction 153
II. Alienation and Others 156
hi. Alienation and Work 160
iv. Alienation, Events, and Structures 165
v. Alienation, Culture, and Society 175
vi. Conclusion 192
Contents
6. EXISTENTIAL PHILOSOPHY AND THEOLOGY 197
I. Introduction 197
II. Entfremdung in Heidegger’s Being and
Time 200
in. Estrangement in Tillich’s Systematic
Theology 206
. Alienation in Sartre’s Major Works 218
tv
addendum. Philosophical Anthropology: Arnold
Gehlen and Helmuth Plessner 232
7. ALIENATION: A GENERAL CONSIDERATION 237
1. Introduction 237
n. A Systematic Attempt atG eneralization 241
ni. Proposed Restrictions 248
iv. Basic Issues 259
277
INDEX