Aflatoxin Elimination Workshop : [proceedings]

188 Pages·1992·7.6 MB·English

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United States Agricultural National Beltsville, Maryland
Department of Research Program 20705
Agriculture Service Staff
AFLATOXIN ELIMINATION WORKSHOP
Fresno, California, November 1-3, 1992
Aflatoxin is recognized as a serious food safety hazard by most countries of
the world. Producing food free^^ ^iflatoxin today requires a truly national
effort and, particularly, the cooperation of both government and industry.
The Agricultural Research Service and the commodity groups representing
peanuts, com, cottonseed and tree nuts recognize the importance of a strong
national research effort to eliminate aflatoxin as a food safety threat.
This Aflatoxin Elimination Workshop, held in Fresno, California, is the fifth
such yearly meeting held to review the ARS supported aflatoxin rosearch and
provide a forum for interested scientists to come together to discuss common
problems and their potential solutions among themselves and with members of
the industry. Thus although many of these scientists are performing very
fundamental studies they gain a very clear idea of where their research is
leading and the impact it will have on society. Also, this workshop provides
the opportunity for gains in cost effectiveness of research by the recognition
of common approaches and by sharing relevant information across commodities.
This workshop has come to be recognized as the premier national meeting for
advances leading to methods to eliminate aflatoxin.
Most of the research is performed by the ARS, however an important addition to
this core effort is provided through a competitive award program provided by
Congressional appropriations. This program is a unique effort of the ARS and
representatives of the peanut, com, cotton and tree nut industries. By
extending the opportunity for the best iiniversity scientists to join the
highly focused multithrust program, the rate of progress toward the
elimination of aflatoxin is enhanced.
On the following pages are the abstracts of work presented at the 1992
Workshop.
Agricultural Research Service
Workshop Program Coordinator
December 7, 1992

TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACTS OF PLATFORM PRESENTATIONS, POSTERS AND PANEL DISCUSSIONS
AFLATOXIN ELIMINATION WORKSHOP
Fresno, California, November 1-3, 1992
Page
Crop Management and Handling, Insect Control and Plant Fungal
Relationships
Distribution of Aflatoxin in Pistachios - 1
Thomas F. Schatzki*, ARS, Albany, CA
Evaluation of Characteristics of Pistachio Nuts for use in Aflatoxin 2
Elimination
Mark A. Doster, University of California, Davis, CA
Separating "Early-Split" from "Normal" Pistachio Nuts for Removal of 3
Nuts Contaminated on the Tree with Aflatoxin
David C- Slaughter, University of California, Davis, CA
U.S. Cotton Production and Aspergillus flavus 4
Peter J. Cotty, ARS, New Orleans, LA
Aflatoxin Contamination of Peanut: Interaction of Environmental 5
Variables, Soil Moisture, and Soil Insects
R. E. Lynch, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA
Aflatoxin Early Warning Systems 7
P. D. Blankenship, ARS, Dawson, GA
Aspergillus Incidence, Aflatoxins and Interactive Effects of Lesser 8
Cornstalk Borers in Peanuts
K. L. Bowen, Auburn University, Auburn, AL
Aflatoxin Concentration in Peanuts as Affected by Calcium and Boron 10
J. F. Adams, Auburn University, Auburn, AL
Efficacy of Volclay NF-BC, Microfine Bentonite, to Diminish 11
Aflatoxicosis in Rats
R. J- Cole, ARS, Dawson, GA
An Integrated Approach for Controlling Sap Beetles and Mycotoxins 12
Com
in
Patrick F. Dowd, ARS, Peoria, IL
Kernel and Placental Infection in Maize Ears Field-Inoculated with 15
Aspergillus flavus/parasiticus Isolates in Mississippi
N. Zuramo, ARS, Mississippi State, MS
Effect of Fusarium moniliforme and Aspergillus flavus on Kernel 16
Infection and Aflatoxin Contamination in Maize Ears
N. Zumrao, ARS, Mississippi State, MS
Name of First Author only is included for all abstracts.

Page
The Relationship of Interacting Biological and Environmental Stresses 19
on the Susceptibility of Com to Aflatoxin Contamination
J. Dunlap, Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, Weslaco, TX
Monitoring Environmental Conditions and Crop Growth Associated with 21
Aflatoxin Contamination in Com
S. Maas, ARS, Weslaco, TX
Aflatoxin Resistance in Selected Com Varieties as Affected by Com 22
Earworm Infestation, M. Uphoff
Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
Aflatoxin in Com in Northeastem Mexico: Effect of Environment and 23
Cultural Practices
Luis A. Rodriguez, Campo Experimental Rio Bravo, Tamps., Mexico
Panel Discussion Sunnnarv To What Degree Can Optimum Crop Production 24
:
and Handling Practices Eliminate Aflatoxin?
R- Lynch, Chair, ARS Tifton, GA
Microbial Ecology
Relationships Among Strains in the Aspergillus flavus Group Which Differ 27
in Toxin Production, Morphology, and Vegetative Compatibility Group
D. S. Egel, ARS, New Orleans, LA
Aspergillus flavus Wild Intruder or Domesticated Freeloader, 28
:
Peter J. Cotty, ARS, New Orleans, LA
Elimination of Aflatoxins in Arizona Using Beneficial Bacteria, 29
I. J. Misaghi, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
Biological Control
R. J. Cole, ARS, Dawson, GA 30
Effect of Soil Populations of Aspergillus flavus and A^. parasiticus 31
on Infection of Peanuts
Bruce W. Horn, ARS, Dawson, GA
Evaluation of Selected Geocarposphere Bacteria as Biological Control 32
Candidates Against Aspergillus flavus Colonization of Peanut
C. J- Mickler, Auburn University, Auburn, AL
Waste Com as an Inoculum Source for Aspergillus flavus 33
D- C. McGee, Iowa State University, Ames, lA
Mycoparasites and Chemical Defenses in Survival of Aspergillus 35
sclerotia
Donald T. Wicklow, ARS, Peoria, IL