Table Of ContentTThhee LLeepipdiopdteorpoltoegircaollSoocgieitycal Society ooff JJaapapnan
ueLwt 7}ans.lapiSdoc .lapan53(3)1:50-152, June2002
Two geometrid species attacking gall-･mi tgealls
Kazuo YAMAzAKTi) ShirljS'uiGiuRA2)
and
i)Osaka City Institu tofe Public Health and Environmental Sciences,
8-34 Tojo-cho, Osaka,543-O026Japan
2)Laboratory of Fores tEcology, Graduate School of Agrieulture, Kyoto University,
Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502 Japan
Abstract Two geometrid larvae ,thannis goida Djakonov and PVilemani anitobei (Nitobe)
were observed to feed on the bud galls fbrmed by the gall-mite thiophye ssp. (Acarina,
Eriophyidae) en a Carpinus tsehoneskii tree. These larvae heavil ygrazed the galls externally
and preferre dthe gall sto young ]eave sof C tschonoskii. The adaptive significance of this
gall-feedin ghabit was discussed,
Key words Bud gall ,cecidophages, gall mite, Geometridae ,E7annts gotdo ,nvZemania nitobei.
Cecidophagy
Plant gall sare forrne dby many insect sm,ites ,nematodes, fungi ,virus and bacteri a(Mani,
1964) . Diverse insect asre associated with the galls as predators ,parasitoid isn,quilin easnd
cecidophages (e g Mani, l964; Ito & Hattori ,1982 ,Yukawa, 1983 ;Sota ,1988 ;Abe, 1995).
Although gall-feedin ghabit (cocidoph ahgays )been reported in many insect isncludin gmore
than ten familie sof Lepidoptera (Abe ,]997 and references therein ,Sugiura et al., 2oo2a),
most records are restricted to the galls induced by insect s(bu tsee Yoshimatsu, 1992 and
McGeoch, 1993 fbr fungus galls ).Few studies on cecidophagous insect asttacking gall-mite
hayebeen
galls conducted,
We address ourselves to studying cecidophagous lepidoptera annd other insec ftauna in Japan
(Yamazak &i Sugiura ,2oo1; Sugiura et al., 2002a, b; Sugiura & Yamazaki, 2co2) . We
recently found geometrid larva eattacking gall-mit gealls :thus in this report these cecido-
phagous behavior sare recorded,
Geometrids attacking gall-mit egalls
In early to middle spring, the gall-mit Eefiophye ssp. (Acarin Ear,iophyidae )enlarges the
buds to fbrr npinbcone-like galls on the hombearri Ctirpinu stschonoski i(Betulac etareees),
The gall-mit eisnhabi tthe imbricate dscales of the gall s(Yukawa & Masuda, 1996).
We visite tdhe west-facing slope of Mt Ikoma (3404c r1N3,5040'E e,a 290 m above sea level),
Higashi-osak aCjty ,Osaka Prefbctur oen 26 April 2oo1 and fbund two gall-mite gall sfrom
the lower part of a C tschonoskt itree. Then, each gal lwas observed to be fed by one
middle-instar geometrid larva .The two twigs with galled buds and young leaves were
sampled, placed in a plasti cbag, and transferred to the laboratory . The geometrids were
identifi easd llranni sg()id lI2bjakonov and Mdemania nitobei (Nitob aecc)ording to the color
catalogue, Larvae of latlg Meorths in lapan (Nakajim 1a9,87) .These loopers continued to
graze the gall sexternally fbr 2-3 days in a plasti bcag under laborator cyonditions in spite of
the presenc eof abundant young leaves of C tschonoskii.
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Geometrid Attackin gGall-mit eGalls 15r
Adaptive significance of cecidophagy and gall damage by the geometrids
E goldk eand PZ nitobei emerge as adults from lat eautumn to early winter and as larvae feed
on young leave sof various deciduous trees such as the family Saticaceae ,Betulaceae,
Fagaceae ,Ulmaceae, Rosaceae and so on (Inou e1,982) .They are therefbre imultative
cecidophages, whose lawal development depends on both leaves and gal ltissues (sen sMuani,
1964) . However, they preferred the galls to young leave sefthe host tree, We propose two
aspects of adaptive significance ofthe cecidophagous habit in these geometrids, Firstl yg,all
tissues are nutritious, containing more nitrogen and sugar than normal plant tissues (leaves)
(Mani1,964;McNeill& Southwood, 1977;Shannon & Brewer,1980;Abrahamson & Weis,
l987) . Secondly, the larg egal]-mit geall s(2 8mm in width, 25 mm in height, Yukawa &
Masuda, 1996) have many imbricate dscales, which are modified leave son stunted stems.
Hence, the larva ecan feed on the scales with litt lmoevement, presurnably resulting in eMcient
food intake ,since they usually need to move about in search of young leaves.
The gall sgrazed by geometrid sdeteriorat esedriously. In addition, since numerous gall-mites
inhabi tthe imbricate dscales, the geometrids must inevitabl pyredate the rnites together with
the scales, Gall damage by the geometrids is therefore not likel yto be negligible fbr the
gall-mit ceolony.
Acknowledgements
This study was partlysupported by a JSPS Research Fellowship fb rYoung Scientis t(sNo.
3895).
References
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Characoma rt(fiZ]iT Ta(Hampson )(Lepidopt eNorcat:uidae) . Alzpt Ent ZooL 30: 83-89.
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，
摘 要
フシ ダニ の ゴール を攻撃する 2種の シ ャ クガ （山崎一夫 ・杉浦真治）
大阪府東大阪市生駒山におい て， 2 種の シャ クガ科， チャバ ネフユ エ ダシャ ク， Erannis golda Dj a・
konov とニ トベ エ ダシ ャ ク， PVilemania nitobei （Nitobe）の幼虫が，イヌシ デメフクレ フ シ （イヌ シデ
芽の フ シダニ ErioρhJ’es sp．によるゴール ）を食べ て い るの が観察 された．シ ャクガの幼虫は外部か
らゴール をひ ，どくか じり，イヌ シデの若葉よ りもゴール を好んだ．この えい食の習性の適応的意義と
して ，ゴール の ほうが若葉よ りも栄養的に優れてい る可能性がある こ とや，ゴール の ほ うが 1枚 1枚
の 若葉問を移動するよ り餌資源が集中して い て摂食効率が よい で あろうと考察した．なお，ゴール の
りん片の大部分が食害され，その際に，りん片間にすむ フシダニ もシャ クガ幼虫に食べ られるため，
フシダニ コ ロ ニ ーへ の影響は大きい と考えられた．
（Accepted January l 8，2002）
Published by the Lepidopterological Society of Japan，
5−20，Motoyokoyama 2，Hachi ji，Tokyo，192−0063Japan
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