Questiones super Physicam (Books I-VII) Edited by Stefano Caroti, Jean Celeyrette, Stefan Kirschner, Edmond Mazet

897 Pages·2013·3.932 MB·English, Latin

by  Nicole Oresme (editors: Stefano Caroti, Jean Celeyrette, Stefan Kirschner, Edmond Mazet)

Nicole Oresme,
Questiones super Physicam
(Books i-vii)
Studien und Texte
zur Geistesgeschichte
des Mittelalters
Begründet von
Josef Koch
Weitergeführt von
Paul Wilpert, Albert Zimmermann und
Jan A. Aertsen
Herausgegeben von
Andreas Speer
In Zusammenarbeit mit
Tzotcho Boiadjiev, Kent Emery, Jr.
und Wouter Goris
BAND 112
The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/stgm
Nicole Oresme,
Questiones super Physicam
(Books i-vii)
Edited with Introduction and Indices
by
Stefano Caroti, Jean Celeyrette,
Stefan Kirschner, Edmond Mazet
LEIDEN • BOSTON
2013
ISSN 0169-8028
ISBN 978-90-04-23637-0 (hardback)
ISBN 978-90-04-25025-3 (e-book)
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CONTENTS
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xiii
Introduction ......................................... xv
The Edition...................................... xxvii
Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxv
Missing figures ................................... xxxvi
Bibliography ......................................... xli
Liber I
q. 1 Circa <primum> librum Physicorum queritur primo utrum
cognitio unius rei faciat ad cognitionem alterius .......... 3
q. 2 Consequenter queritur utrum omne scibile habens causas
sciatur per illas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
q. 3 Consequenter queritur utrum ordo doctrine scientie
naturalis incipiat a minus notis nature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
q. 4 Consequenter queritur utrum universale sit prius notum
quam singulare vel minus universale .................. 23
q. 5 Consequenter queritur utrum ens sit univocum ad
substantiam et ad accidens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
q. 6 Consequenter queritur utrum omne accidens habeat
subiectum adequatum, loquendo secundum viam
positam in questione precedenti ..................... 40
q. 7 Consequenter queritur utrum totum sit sue partes aut
res distincta a partibus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
q. 8 Consequenter queritur utrum hec sit vera:
‘tantum unum est’ ............................... 56
q. 9 Consequenter queritur utrum cuiuslibet totius notitia
dependeat ex cognitio<n>e suarum partium ............ 62
q. 10 Consequenter queritur utrum in qualibet specie sit
dare minimum naturale, verbi gratia ut minimus homo
et caro vel aliquod tale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
q. 11 Consequenter queritur utrum in qualibet specie sit
dare maximum naturale ........................... 78
q. 12 Consequenter queritur utrum aliquid possit fieri
ex nihilo ....................................... 87
vi contents
q. 13 Consequenter queritur utrum cuiuslibet transmutationis
naturalis sint tantum tria principia vel si sint tria
principia rerum naturalium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
q. 14 Consequenter queritur utrum materia prima sit
unum principium rei naturalis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
q. 15 Consequenter queritur utrum privatio sit ens .......... 112
q. 16 Consequenter queritur utrum privatio sit principium
distinctum a materia ............................. 119
q. 17 Consequenter queritur utrum forma omnis materialis
sit principium .................................. 127
q. 18 Consequenter queritur utrum alicuius substantie
materialis sint plures forme substantiales, vel utrum
materia possit simul habere plures formas substantiales ... 135
q. 19 Consequenter queritur utrum cui<u>slibet
transmutationis principia sint contraria .............. 143
q. 20 Consequenter queritur utrum omne ens appetat sui
permanentiam et durationem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
q. 21 Consequenter queritur utrum prima materia sibi
determinet aliquam quantitatem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
Liber II
q. 1 Circa secundum Physicorum primo queritur utrum
omne ens naturale habeat in se principium motus
et quietis ...................................... 168
q. 2 Consequenter queritur utrum aliquod elementum
habeat in se principium sue alterationis .............. 174
q. 3 Consequenter queritur utrum definitio nature sit
bona in qua dicitur “natura est principium <et causa>
movendi et quiescendi eius in quo <est> primo et per se
<et non secundum accidens> ...................... 182
q. 4 Consequenter queritur utrum artificialia distinguantur
a naturalibus ................................... 190
q. 5 Consequenter queritur utrum forme artificiales sint
accidentia ..................................... 197
q. 6 Consequenter queritur utrum artifex faciat aliquid
novum in re artificiata vel artificiali.................. 204
q. 7 Consequenter queritur utrum cuiuslibet rei naturalis
sint tantum quattuor cause ........................ 211
q. 8 Consequenter queritur utrum efficiens sit causa . . . . . . . . 218
q. 9 Consequenter queritur utrum materia et forma
sint cause . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
contents vii
q. 10 Consequenter queritur utrum finis sit causa ........... 240
q. 11 Consequenter queritur utrum casus et fortuna sint
cause agentes per accidens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248
q. 12 Consequenter queritur utrum aliquid possit fieri
a casu ........................................ 254
q. 13 Consequenter queritur utrum omnia eveniant de
necessitate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260
q. 14 Consequenter queritur utrum illa divisio sit bona,
in qua dicitur quod quedam est fortuna bona et
quedam mala .................................. 268
q. 15 Consequenter queritur utrum natura intendat
aliquod monstrum .............................. 277
q. 16 Consequenter queritur utrum omnis effectus
naturalis sit ex necessitate finis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284
Liber III
q. 1 Circa tertium librum Physicorum queritur utrum
ignorato motu necesse sit ignorare naturam . . . . . . . . . . . 293
q. 2 Consequenter queritur utrum motus sit aliquid . . . . . . . . 304
q. 3 Consequenter queritur utrum motus sit res mota
vel ipsum mobile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311
q. 4 Consequenter queritur utrum motus sit res acquisita
mobili dum movetur . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
q. 5 Consequenter queritur utrum motus localis sit illud
quod acquiritur mobili tali motu, scilicet situs vel
locus in quo et circa quod mobile movetur, vel utrum
motus localis sit acquisitum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
q. 6 Consequenter queritur utrum motus sit res successiva
sive fluxus distinctus a rebus permanentibus, cuiusmodi
sunt mobile et res acquisita, ad quam est motus . . . . . . . . 331
q. 7 Consequenter queritur utrum moveri sit aliter se
habere continue quam prius ....................... 336
q. 8 Consequenter queritur utrum motus bene diffiniatur
quando dicitur quod est actus entis in potentia
secundum quod in potentia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342
q. 9 Consequenter queritur utrum contingat magnitudinem
tantam esse in actu quantam contingat esse eam
in potentia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349
q. 10 Consequenter queritur utrum sit aliquid infinitum ...... 357
q. 11 Consequenter queritur utrum sit aliquod corpus actu
infinitum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365
viii contents
q. 12 Consequenter queritur utrum infinitum sit alio maius
aut equale sive minus vel utrum esset, si esset infinitum,
vel utrum infinitum sit infinito comparabile ........... 372
q. 13 Consequenter queritur utrum aliqua natura citra deum
sit bonitatis vel malitie infinite ..................... 391
q. 14 Consequenter queritur utrum supposito per possibile
vel per impossibile quod esset aliquod corpus
infinitum, utrum tale corpus posset moveri . . . . . . . . . . . 397
q. 15 Consequenter queritur utrum infinite partes
proportionales sint in continuo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 404
q. 16 Consequenter queritur utrum sit aliqua multitudo
actu infinita . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 410
q. 17 Consequenter queritur utrum implicet contradictionem
infinitum esse inter duos terminos .................. 417
Liber IV
q. 1 Consequenter queritur utrum locus sit superficies ...... 423
q. 2 Consequenter queritur utrum locus sit equalis locato .... 429
q. 3 Consequenter queritur utrum locus sit ultimum
corporis continentis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437
q. 4 Consequenter queritur utrum locus sit quantitas . . . . . . . 443
q. 5 Consequenter queritur utrum locus sit corpus
continens sive locans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450
q. 6 Consequenter queritur utrum locus sit spatium
interceptum inter latera continentis, quod esset
vacuum si non esset ibi locatum .................... 456
q. 7 Consequenter queritur utrum naturaliter possit esse
vacuum in hoc mundo ........................... 465
q. 8 Consequenter queritur utrum ad vacuum esse
sequatur contradictio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 472
q. 9 Consequenter queritur utrum grave simplex in
movendo habeat resistentiam in se ipso .............. 478
q. 10 Consequenter queritur utrum in motu locali
gravium et levium simplicium requiratur medium,
et hoc propter successionem ....................... 485
q. 11 Consequenter queritur utrum grave simplex aut leve
moveretur <in vacuo> localiter successive ............. 492
q. 12 Consequenter queritur utrum mixtum in vacuo
localiter moveretur successive ...................... 498
q. 13 Consequenter queritur utrum possibile sit aliquam
mutationem fieri subito et tota simul <in>divisibiliter . . . 505
contents ix
q. 14 Consequenter queritur utrum aliquid
possit condensari ................................ 513
q. 15 Consequenter queritur utrum in rarefactione
acquiratur nova quantitas, et similiter in
condensatione deperdatur precedens ................. 521
q. 16 Consequenter queritur utrum tempus sit aliquid . . . . . . . 528
q. 17 Consequenter queritur utrum tempus sit ab anima ...... 535
q. 18 Consequenter queritur utrum tempus sit numerus
motus secundum prius et posterius .................. 542
q. 19 Consequenter queritur utrum omnia sint in tempore .... 549
q. 20 Consequenter queritur utrum tempus sit causa
corruptionis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 555
q. 21 Consequenter queritur utrum idem instans maneat
per totum tempus ............................... 561
Liber V
q. 1 Circa quintum Physicorum queritur primo utrum
ad substantiam sit motus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 568
q. 2 Consequenter queritur utrum omnis motus sit
de contrario in contrarium ........................ 575
q. 3 Consequenter queritur utrum forma substantialis
divisibiliter acquiratur ita quod generatio sit
mutatio successiva .............................. 582
q. 4 Consequenter queritur utrum motus sit
ad quantitatem ................................. 589
q. 5 Consequenter queritur utrum tantum in tribus
predicamentis sit motus scilicet in quantitate,
qualitate et ubi ................................. 595
q. 6 Consequenter queritur utrum contraria sint simul
in eodem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 602
q. 7 Consequenter queritur utrum forma intendatur per
additionem gradus ad gradum sive partis
ad partem ..................................... 609
q. 8 Consequenter queritur utrum media inter contraria
componantur ex extremis ......................... 617
q. 9 Consequenter queritur utrum <unum> contrarium
intendatur altero non remisso ...................... 622
q. 10 Consequenter queritur utrum sit aliquis motus unus . . . . 632
q. 11 Consequenter queritur utrum ad unitatem motus
requiratur unitas mobilis et unitas spatii <et unitas
termini ad quem> ............................... 638
x contents
q. 12 Consequenter queritur utrum aliqui duo motus
sint unus in specie .............................. 644
q. 13 Consequenter queritur utrum unus motus <sit>
simpliciter alteri contrarius ........................ 651
Liber VI
q. 1 Circa sextum Physicorum queritur utrum continuum
componatur ex indivisibilibus ...................... 658
q. 2 Consequenter queritur utrum aliquod continuum
successivum componatur ex indivisibilibus ............ 664
q. 3 Consequenter queritur utrum continuum sit
divisibile in semper divisibilia, intelligendo quod
dividatur in aliqua et illa in alia, et sic semper .......... 671
q. 4 Consequenter queritur utrum motus possit
velocitari in infinitum ............................ 678
q. 5 Consequenter queritur utrum velociori motu maius
spatium equali tempore pertranseatur ................ 685
q. 6 Consequenter queritur penes quid sit attendenda
velocitas in motu ad qualitatem et ad quantitatem
et posset habere locum in quarto huius ............... 696
q. 7 Consequenter queritur utrum omne quod movetur
prius movebatur ................................ 703
q. 8 Consequenter queritur utrum motus infinitus possit
fieri in tempore finito ............................ 711
Liber VII
q. 1 Circa septimum librum Physicorum queritur
primo utrum omne quod movetur moveatur
ab alio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 718
q. 2 Consequenter queritur utrum in moventibus
et motis sit processus in infinitum .................. 724
q. 3 Consequenter queritur utrum in omni motu
movens et motum sint simul ...................... 729
q. 4 Consequenter queritur utrum ad qualitates de tertia
specie <tantum> sit motus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 736
q. 5 Consequenter queritur utrum omnis res cuilibet rei
sit comparabilis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 742
q. 6 Consequenter queritur utrum res unius speciei sit
comparabilis rei alterius speciei in perfectione . . . . . . . . . 752
q. 7 Consequenter queritur utrum omnis motus
cuilibet sit comparabilis in velocitate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 764