Phrase by Phrase: Pronunciation and Listening in American English

196 Pages·1987·79.07 MB·English

by  Marsha Chan

1/
Phrase by Phrase
Pronunciation and Listening
in American English
MARSHA CHAN
Mission CoIIege
PRENTICE HALL REGENTS
Library of Congrees Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Chan, Marsha J., (date)
Phrase by phrase.
l. Euglish language-Text-books for foreign
eDeakers. 2. Enelish lansuace-United States-
Fonunciation. 5. Listenins.- I. fitle.
PEr128.C49 1987 426.3'4 86-25184
IIIBN 0-13-665852-0
Editoriall production superuision and interior desipn:
Ann L. f\dohan. WordCrafters Editorial Servicei. Inc.
Couer dcsign: Lundgren Graphics, Ltd.
Couer illustratinn: Ellen Joy Sasaki
M anufacturins buyer : Marearct Ri?,zi
Illustiatnr: Eilen Jov SasaFi
Ol9&7 by Prtntice llall Rcgents
Prentice-Hall lnc.
AU riehts reserved. No part of this book mav be
reproifuced, in any form'or by any means,
without permission in writing from the publisher.
Material from 'Three Days to See," by Helen Keller, is reprinted with kind
permission from America-n Founddtioir for the Blind'and ii @ 1980 by American
Foundation for the Blind, 15 West 16th Street, New York, NY 10011.
Printed in the United States of America
20 19 18 l7 16
15
ISBN 0-1,3-bb5A5e-0
Contents
INTRODUCTION ix
1 THE GRASSHoPPER AND THE ANTs I
Vocabulary Focus, 1
Before You Listen, 2
Listening Comprehension, 3
Listening Cloze,4
Discussion, 4
Sound Focus 1: Syllables,5
Sound Focus 2: Stressed Syllables, 5
Sound Focus 3: Unstressed Syllables and Reduced Vowels, 6
Sound Focus 4: Contractions, 7
Sound Focus 5: Phrase Reductions, 8
Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 1: Syllables, S
Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 2: Clear Vowels, 9
Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 3: Contractions and Phrase
Reductions, 9
On Your Own, 10
Topics for Oral or Written Composition, 10
2 ll
Lrz's ExERcrsE PRocRAM
Vocabulary Focus, 11
Before You Listen, 12
Listening Comprehension, 13
Listening Cloze, L4
Discussion, 14
Sound Focus 1: /s/, as in side, t5
ul
lv Contents
Sound Focus 2: lzl, as in zoo, L5
Sound Focus 3: Syllables and Word Stress, 15
Sound Focus 4: Third Person Singular Verb Endings, 16
Sound Focus 5: Linking and Reduction, 16
Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 1: Extra Syllable lnl, L8
Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 2: lsl and. /z/, L8
Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 3: Consonant-to-Vowel Linking, 19
On Your Own, 19
Topics for Oral or Written Composition, 20
3 wHAT's FoR DINNER? zr
Vocabulary Focus, 21
Before You Listen, 22
Listening Comprehension, 23
Listening Cloze,24
Discussion, 25
Sound Focus 1: Rising and Falling Intonation, 25
Sound Focus 2: Statement Intonation, 25
Sound Focus 3: Yes/No Question Intonation, 26
Sound Focus 4: Wh- Question Intonation, 27
Sound Focus 5: Choice Question Intonation, 27
Sound Focus 6: Listing Intonation, 28
*Hafba, *Hasta, *Wanna, *Whaddaya, *Kin,
Sound Focus 7: Reductions: 28
Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 1: Rising, Falling, and Even
Intonation, 29
Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 2: Contractions and Reductions, 30
On Your Own, 30
Topics for Oral or Written Composition, 32
4
JoHN THoRNToN's LovE FoR BUCK sg
Vocabulary Focus, 33
Before You Listen, 34
Listening Comprehension, 35
Listening Cloze, 36
Discussion, 36
Sound Focus 1: Stressing Content Words, 37
Sound Focus 2: l0l, as in thin, 37
Sound Focus 3: ldl, as in fbis, 38
Sound Focus 4: lhl , as in house, 38
Sound Focus 5: Linking and Disappearance of lhl: *Izzy at home?, 38
Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 1: Content Words, 39
Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 2: l0l and ldl,39
Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 3: /h/ and Disappearance of l}al, 40
On Your Own, 41
Topics for Oral or Written Composition, 42
5
cLEANTNG uP THE BAcKYARD 48
Vocabulary Focus, 43
Before You Listen, 44
Listening Comprehension, 45
Listening Cloze,46
Contents
Discussion, 46
Sound Focus 1: Word Stress and Intonation. 47
Sound Focus 2: ltl, as in tirne, 47
Sound Focus 3: ldl, as in g@, 48
Sound Focus 4: Regular Past Tense Endings, 48
Sound Focus 5: Vowel Length, 49
Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 1: Content Words, 49
Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 2: Extra Syllable ldl, 5O
Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 3: /d/ and ltl , 50
On Your Own, 51
Topics for Oral or Written Composition, 52
6 ourrNc
A sUNDAY Eg
Vocabulary Focus, 53
Before You Listen, 54
Listening Comprehension, 55
Listening Cloze, 56
Discussion, 57
Sound Focus l: lml , as in sum, 5'7
Sound Focus 2: lnl , as in sun,5'7
Sound Focus 3: lrll , as in sung 57
*Gonna, xOughta, *Dunno,
Sound Focus 4: Reductions: 58
Sound Focus 5: Direct Address Intonation, 58
Sound Focus 6: Tag Question Intonation, 58
Sound Focus 7: Two-Word Verb Stress,'59
Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase L: lml, /n/, and lgl, 60
Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 2: Contractions and Reductions, 60
On Your Own, 61
Topics for Oral or Written Composition, 63
7 THE oAK AND THE REED 6b
Vocabulary Focus, 65
Before You Listen. 66
Listening Comprehension, 6?
Listening Cloze, 68
Discussion, 68
Sound Focus l: livl, as in red,, 68
Sound Focus 2: ltl, as in rfuer, 69
Sound Focus 3: lo* I , as in oak, 69
Sound Focus 4: lcl, as in sou, 69
Sound Focus 5: Contrast livl-lrl, lo*l-1c,70
Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 1: Content Words, 70
Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 2: livl and |il,71
Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 3: /c/ and lo*1,'7L
On Your Own. 72
Topics for Oral or Written Composition, 73
8
KoKo's KITTEN
75
Vocabulary Focus, 75
Before You Listen. 77
Listening Comprehension, 77
vl Contents
Listening Cloze,78
Discussion, 78
Sound Focus l: lkl, as in cat,78
Sound Focus 2: lgl, as in get,79
Sound Focus 3: Vowel Length, 79
Sound Focus 4: Phrase Stress, 80
Sound Focus 5: Noun Compounds, 81
Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 1: Key Words, 82
Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 2: lkl,83
Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 3: lgl,83
On Your Own,84
Topics for Oral or Written Composition, 85
9 wHY r woRK 87
Vocabulary Focus, 87
Before You Listen, 88
Listening Comprehension, 89
Listening Cloze, 90
Discussion, 90
Sound Focus l: lol, as in father,9I
Sound Focus 2: lr'1, as in czzf, 91
Sound Focus 3: l*l , as in earn,9L
Sound Focus 4; lwl, as in want, 92
Sound Focus 5: Linking and Holding, 92
Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 1: Syllables, 93
Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 2: lwl and lal,93
Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 3: /a/ and lrl,94
On Your Own, 95
Topics for Oral or Written Composition, 96
10
RAFTING THRoucH THE GRAND cANyoN e7
Vocabulary Focus, 97
Before You Listen. 98
Listening Comprehension, 99
Listening Cloze, 100
Discussion, 100
Sound Focus 1: Unstressing Function Words, 100
Sound Focus 2: Rhythm, 101
Sound Focus 3: Thought Phrases, 101
Sound Focus 4: lrl, as in raft, LO2
Sound Focus 5: lll, as in Inke, L03
Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 1: Function Words, 104
Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 2: la"l and Vowel t lrl,104
Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 3: /l/, 105
On Your Own. 105
Topics for Oral or Written Composition, 106
11
THE ACcIDENT roz
Vocabulary Focus, 107
Before You Listen. 108
Contents vu
Listening Comprehension, 109
Listening Cloze, 110
Discussion, 110
I:
Sound Focus lu*/, as in shoe, 11L
Sound Focus 2: lul, as py!, IIL
Sound Focus 3: lyl as in1es, 111
Sound Focus 4: Reduction: Conditionals, 11,2
Sound Focus 5: Stress and Timing, 113
Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase L: /u*i and lul,Il4
Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 2: lhl, h and lyl, LLA
Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 3: Linking, 115
On Your Own, 116
Topics for Oral or Written Composition, lL7
LZ
voLCANoES rN THE RING oF FIRE ttg
Vocabulary Focus, 119
Before You Listen, 120
Listening Comprehension, 120
Listening Cloze, t22
Discussion, 122
Sound Focus L: lll, as in shnw, L22
Sound Focus 2: l3l , as in measure, L23
Sound Focus 3: /t!1, as in chair, 123
Sound Focus 4: ld3l, as in jail, L23
Sound Focus 5: Sound and Stress Shifts. 124
Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 1: /J/ and l3l,I25
Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 2: ltll and, ld3l, L25
Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 3: Content Words and Phrase
Stress, 126
On Your Own. 127
Topics for Oral or Written Composition, 128
13 FATHER,s IDEA oF FUN rzs
Vocabulary Focus, 129
Before You Listen, 130
Listening Comprehension, 131
Listening Cloze, L32
Discussion, 132
Sound Focus L: lfl, as in full, t32
Sound Focus 2: lv/, as inrrry, 133
Sound Focus 3: Vowel Length, 133
Sound Focus 4: Introductory Phrase Intonation, 134
Sound Focus 5: Contrastive Stress and Intonation, 134
Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 1: Phrase Stress, 136
Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 2: lfl and lvl, t36
Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 3: Unstressed Words, 137
On Your Own, 137
Topics for Oral or Written Composition, 139
t4
EDISoN's CREATIvE TALENT r4r
Vocabulary Focus, 141
Before You Listen. 142
vlll Contents
Listening Comprehension, 143
Listening Cloze,144
Discussion. 144
Sound Focus l: levl, as in sa1 145
Sound Focus 2: lel , as in euery, L45
Sound Focus 3: lel, as in act, t45
Sound Focus 4: Sound and Stress Shifts, 145
Sound Focus 5: Contrastive Stress and Intonation,147
Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 1: Stressed and Unstressed
Syllables, 147
Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 2: levl and, lal, L48
Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 3: /e/ and lnl,149
On Your Own, 149
Topics for Oral or Written Composition, 150
15 BABY BooMERS: THE BIG BULGE rbl
Vocabulary Focus, 151
Before You Listen, 152
Listening Comprehension, 153
Listening Cloze,154
Discussion, 154
Sound Focus l: lpl, as in pople, 754
Sound Focus 2: lbl, as in baby, L55
Sound Focus 3: Vowel Length, 155
Sound Focus 4: Noun Compound Review, 156
Sound Focus 5: Consonant Review, 157
Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 1: Stressed and Unstressed
Syllables, 157
Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 2: lpl,158
Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 3: /b/, 159
On Your Own, 159
Topics for Oral or Written Composition, 161
16 THE GrFT oF sIGHT 16s
Vocabulary Focus, 163
Before You Listen. 164
Listening Comprehension, 165
Listening Cloze, 166
Discussion, 166
Sound Focus l: lail, as inglg, 166
Sound Focus 2: lottl, as in out, L67
Sound Focus 3: lcil, as in uoice, 167
Sound Focus 4: Question Word Stress, 167
Sound Focus 5: Vowel Review, 168
Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 1: Stressed Syllables, 169
Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 2: Linking, 169
Sounds in Context: Phrase by Phrase 3: loil, /ou/, and lcil,L70
On Your Own. 170
Topics for Oral or Written Composition, 171
PRONUNCIATION KEY L72
PRONOUNCING GLOSSARY I73