On The Identities Of Two Pacific Species Of Deep-Water Porter Crabs, Hypsophrys Longirostris Chen, 1986, And Homologenus Donghaiensis Chen, 1986 (Crustacea : Decapoda : Brachyura : Homolidae)

9 Pages·1999·4.2 MB·

by  Pkl Ng

PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
112(4):759-767. 1999.
On the identities of two Pacific species of deep-water porter crabs,
Hypsophrys longirostris Chen, 1986, and Homologenus donghaiensis
Chen, 1986 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura: Homolidae)
Peter K. L. Ng and H.-L. Chen
(PKLN) Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge,
Singapore 119260, Republic of Singapore; (H-LC) Institute of Oceanology,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nan-Hai Road,
Qingdao 266071, People's Republic of China
—
Abstract. The identities of two species of poorly known deep-water hom-
olid crabs, Hypsophrys longirostris Chen (presently in the genus Lamohd) and
Homologenus donghaiensis Chen from the East and South China Seas are
clarified. The publication validating these taxa is not well circulated, and both
&
names have been missed by most carcinologists. Hypsophrysfutuna Guinot
Richer de Forges, described from the Wallis and Futuna Islands in the central
Pacific, is shown to be a junior synonym of Lamoha longirostris.
Chen (1986) published a short abstract in Since Chen's (1986) publication, many
Chinese on the deep-water homolids from species of homolids have been described
the East China Sea in the proceedings of a from the Pacific in the important revision
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meeting of the Chinese Crustacean Society. by Guinot Richer de Forges (1995). Un-
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The text of this short abstract listed five fortunately, Guinot Richer de Forges
species: Homola orientalis Henderson, (1995) were not aware of Chen's (1986) ab-
1888, Paromola macrochira Sakai, 1961, stract. In any case, full descriptions and fig-
Paromolopsis boasi Wood-Mason & Al- ures of the two species in question were not
cock, 1891, and two new species, Hypso- provided by Chen (1986), and it would not
phrys longirostris and Homologenus don- have been possible to ascertain the actual
ghaiensis. The two new species were treat- identities of Hypsophrys longirostris and
ed separately, with their key characters Homologenus donghaiensis just from her
highlighted, albeit very briefly by Chen brief text.
(1986). Although no specimens were men- The present paper clarifies the outstand-
tioned or sizes indicated in Chen (1986), ing taxonomic problems with Chen's (1986)
her two names are nevertheless valid under two taxa, Hypsophrys longirostris and
the International Code of Zoological No- Homologenus donghaiensis. Both species
menclature (1985). Chen had treated the ab- are redescribed based on Chen's (1986)
stract only as a provisional document in the original material, figures provided and
proceedings of a local meeting and did not types designated. Measurements indicated
regard it as a scientific publication or the are of the carapace length (tip of rostrum of
names as having any validity. She had orig- posterior carapace margin) and width (max-
inally intended to formally describe both imum, between tips of lateral-most spines)
species in a full paper later on, but for var- respectively. The terminology used follows
&
ious reasons, this was never done. The pro- Guinot Richer de Forges (1995). The ab-
ceedings of the meeting was not easily breviations PI-5 refer to the pereiopods
available outside China and as such, has (PI, cheliped; P2-5, first to fourth ambu-
been missed by most carcinologists. latory legs respectively). Specimens exam-
760 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
ined are deposited in the Institute of Ocean- Futuna Islands, 12°5'S, 178°11.5'W, 1300
ology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, m, 28 May 1992 (MNHN B-24696). 1 male
Qingdao (lOCAS); Taiwan Museum, Taipei (24.7 by 19.0 nrni) (TMCD), 1 male (26.3
(TMCD); Museum national d'Histoire na- by 20.5 mm) (ZRC 1999.410), Tungsha Is-
turelle, Paris (MNHN); and Zoological Ref- lands, South China Sea, 1265 m, 25 Apr
erence Collection of the Raffles Museum, 1996, coll. R-H.—Ho.
National University of Singapore (ZRC). Description. Carapace longitudinally
subrectangular, regions clearly defined (Fig.
Systematic Account la). Entire carapace and pereiopod surfaces
with scattered stiff, simple setae which do
Family Homolidae
not obscure margins or surface, those on
Genus Lamoha Ng, 1988a
— lateral surfaces longer, those on dorsal sur-
Type species. Hypsophrys superciliosa face very short. Rostrum well developed,
Wood-Mason, in Wood-Mason & Alcock, simple, slightly bent downwards, dorso-me-
1891. dian part furrowed; lateral margins gently
—
Remarks. The better known generic converging to rounded tip (Fig. la, b, f, g).
&
name Hypsophrys Wood-Mason Alcock, Pseudorostral spines absent (Fig. la, f). Su-
1891, was found by Ng (1998a) to be pre- praorbital margin sinuous, without spine
occupied by Hypsophrys Agassiz, 1859, a but with low subdentiform median lobe
genus of American freshwater fish, and (Fig. la, f). Basal part of eyestalk dilated,
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Wood-Mason Alcock's name was re- outer surface finely granular (Fig. la, f).
placed by Lamoha Ng, 1998a. Nine species Anterolateral margin with 1 short but dis-
of Lamoha are now recognized from the tinct, slightly curved lateral spine. Postero-
&
Indo-Pacific and Atlantic (Guinot Richer lateral margin weakly convex, finely gran-
de Forges 1995; Ng 1998a, 1998b). ulated (Fig. la). Posterior margin of cara-
pace weakly concave (Fig. la). Protogastric
Lamoha longirostris (Chen, 1986) and epigastric regions with scattered low
Figs. 1, 2 granules. Mesogastric and metagastric re-
gions unarmed. Branchial regions covered
Hypsophrus longirostris Chen, 1986:227
with scattered coarse granules (Fig. la).
(misspelling of Hypsophrys).
& Antennal spine strong, anteriorly directed.
Hypsophrys futuna Guinot Richer de
Subhepatic region with 1 large, anteriorly
Forges, 1995:456, figs. 611, 66a, g.
— directed inner spine and 1 small, often
Material examined. Lectotype male small outer spine or granule; subventral sur-
(22.7 by 18.2 mm) (lOCAS KY8B-73), face with small, sharp spiniform or very
East China Sea, 28°45'N, 127°30'E, 900 m, low granule (Fig. lb, g). Posterior part of
on soft mud, coll.—3 Jan 1981. pterygostomial region covered with small
Paralectotypes. 1 male (23.5 by 19.0 granules (Fig. la, b, g). Gastro-cervical
nmi) (ZRC 1999.007), same data as lecto- groove deep, contiguous medially, meeting
type. 1 male (21.2 by 18.0 mm), 1 oviger- below distinct gastric pits. Branchio-cardiac
ous female (22.0 by 18.5 mm) (IOCAS groove deep. Linea homolica distinct, sin-
K69B-30), South China Sea, 19°00'N, uous (Fig. la). Basal antennal article un-
113°30'E, 1100 m, on soft mud, 13 Jul armed. Antennular peduncle subglobular,
1959. — unarmed. Proepistome with low, subtrun-
Others. 2 males (18.3 by 14.8 mm, cate lamelliform tooth, otherwise unarmed
14.6 by 11.7 mm), 1 female (23.7 by 17.6 (Fig. lb, g). Merus of third maxilliped un-
mm), paratypes of Hypsophrys futuna armed, almost smooth; ischium subrectan-
Guinot & Richer de Forges, 1995: MU- gular; palp when appressed against ischium
SORSTOM 7, station CP 623, WaUis and reaching to proximal margin of ischium;
VOLUME NUMBER
112, 4 761
exopod slender, reaching to 1/3 length of slightly broader than male abdomen (Fig.
outer margin of merus, with long flagellum le); surfaces of all segments and telson al-
(Fig. lb). most smooth; telson subtriangular, lateral
PI (chelipeds) subequal, elongate, rela- margins sinuous, with distal part weakly
tively slender (Fig. Ic). Basis-ischium 3- concave, and proximal part convex (Fig. le,
faceted; inner surface distinctly granular, i)-
other surfaces almost smooth; inner ventral Male first pleopod stout, relatively
margin with 4 distinct spines and 1 small straight; distal part dilated into distinct flap
distal spinule; outer ventral margin with 2 (Figs. Ij, 2a, b). Male second pleopod stout,
spines; dorsal margin with 2 spines (Fig. short, distal—ly cupped (Fig. Ik).
Ic). Merus with all margins distinctly spi- Remarks. Lamoha longirostris was de-
niform; inner surface granular; outer and scribed by Chen (1986) as Hypsophrys lon-
ventral surfaces almost smooth. Surfaces of girostris without designating types or indi-
carpus spiniform, with 2 large spines on in- cating the number of specimens available.
ner distal angle (Fig. Ic). Outer and inner The original syntype series consisted of
surfaces of palm with numerous spines and three males and a female. One of the male
spinules; inner surface with 1 distinct lon- specimens from the East China Sea is here
gitudinal row of strong spines (Fig. Ic). designated as the lectotype. Lamohafutuna,
Fingers elongate, distal part gently curving as Hypsophrys futuna, was described by
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inwards, anterodorsal margin of dactylus Guinot Richer de Forges (1995) from
flattened; cutting edge of dactylus with 1 three males and two females collected from
distinct subproximal, obliquely directed the Wallis and Futuna Islands in the central
tooth which fits anterior to distinct proximal Pacific.
tooth on cutting edge of pollex, rest of cut- Although all the known male specimens
ting edges of both fingers blade-like (Fig. of L. futuna are relatively small, the largest
Ic, h). Inner and outer surfaces of base of male specimen being the holotype measur-
pollex of both chelae with large ovate pig- ing 18.0 by 15.0 mm; and the present male
mented spot each (Fig. Ic, h). specimens of L. longirostris from the East
P2 and P3 longest. Coxa of P2-P5 un- and South China Seas are all much larger
armed. Dorso-distal margin of basis-ischi- than the holotype male of L. futuna, we
um ofP2-P5 with 2 small spines bracketing could discern no major differences between
merus. Dorsal margin of M2-4 with 14 or the two taxa. As such, we here regard La-
15 distinct spines, distal 0.14-0.17 of seg- moha futuna (Guinot & Richer de Forges,
ment usually unarmed; proximal part of 1995) as a junior subjective synonym of
ventral margin with 2 rows of spines which Lamoha longirostris (Chen, 1986).
&
converge into 1 uneven row of spines along In describing their species, Guinot
distal part; anterior surface granular; pos- Richer de Forges (1995:444) recognized
terior surface almost smooth. Distal edge of two main groups of Hypsophrys, but felt
propodus with 2 stiff, movable setae brack- that H. superciliosa Wood-Mason & Al-
eting proximal edge of dactylus. Ventral cock, 1891, and H. futuna (= L. longiros-
margin of dactylus with row of stiff but tris) had intermediate characters which ex-
movable setae. P5 very slender; when me- cluded them from either group. Lamoha su-
rus articulated forwards, distal end reaching perciliosa and L. longirostris are distin-
to base of anterolateral spine; all segments guished from all other Lamoha species in
unarmed; hooked dactylus and distal part of having the merus of the last ambulatory leg
propodus forming distinct subchelate struc- completely unarmed and the rostrum being
ture (Fig. Id). simple (i.e., not bifurcated at the tip) (Fig.
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Male and female abdomens covering en- la, f). Guinot Richer de Forges (1995:
tire thoracic sternum; female abdomen 458) used three main characters to separate
762 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
Fig. L Lamoha longirostris (Chen, 1986). a-e, paralectotype female (22.0 by 18.5 mm) (lOCAS K69B-30);
f-k, paralectotype male (21.2 by 18.0 mm) (lOCAS K69B-30). a, carapace (dorsal view); b, buccal cavity
showing third maxillipeds; c, right cheliped (outer view); d, subchelate dactylus and propodus ofP5; e, abdomen;
f, frontal region ofcarapace; g, epistome, orbit, antennae and antennules; h, distal end ofleft chela (inner view);
i, abdomen; j, left male first pleopod (ventral view); k, left male second pleopod (dorsal view). Scales equal 5.0
mm mm mm
(a, b, e, g-i), 1.0 (c, d, f), 0.5 (j, k).
VOLUME NUMBER
112, 4 763
b
Fig. 2. Lamoha longirostris (Chen, 1986). Male (18.3 by 14.8 mm), paratype oi Hypsophrysfutuna Guinot
& Richer de Forges, 1995 (MNHN B-24696). Left male first pleopod (setae not drawn), a, ventral view; b,
dorsal view. Scales equal 0.5 mm.
&
L. longirostris from L. superciliosa: sub- those figured by Guinot Richer de Forges
hepatic region with one spine (Fig. la, b, f, (1995:fig. 66g) and on the types of L. fu-
g) (two spines in L. superciliosa), proto- tuna examined, but this is probably asso-
gastric region smooth (Fig. la) (with some ciated with size. As noted above, the South
short spinules in L. superciliosa), and ab- and East Chinese Seas specimens speci-
sence of a spine on the supraorbital margin mens are larger than the holotype male of
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(Fig. la, f) (present in L. superciliosa). L. futuna available to Guinot Richer de
These characters are evident on all the spec- Forges (1995).
imens examined. The type specimens of L. longirostris
The two pigmented spots at the base of from the East and South China Seas vary
the pollex on the inner and outer surfaces in several features, none of which are re-
of each chela are large and distinctive (Fig. garded as significant. The lateral margins of
Ic, h) in Lamoha longirostris. In the freshly the rostrum are subparallel in the paralec-
preserved specimens (in 70% ethanol) from totype male (ZRC 1999.007) from the East
the Tungsha Islands, they are dark blue in China Sea but gently converging distally in
the center and bluish along the edges. The the lectotype male (lOCAS KY8B-73). The
spots in the types of L. longirostris and pteryogostomial region has a small sharp
Tungsha specimens are much larger than granule on each side in the lectotype but in
764 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
a paralectotype male (ZRC 1999.007), the defined (Fig. 3a). Entire dorsal carapace
right granule is spiniform while the left one surface with numerous small granules and
is only granular. The right inner subhepatic scattered short, stiff setae which do not ob-
spine of a paralectotype male (ZRC scure surface (Fig. 3a). Rostrum well de-
1999.007) is bifurcated distally but all the veloped, 3-pronged; accessory spines long,
other subhepatic spines in the other speci- directed obliquely upwards; median projec-
mens are simple. tion very long, reaching well beyond ac-
The known distribution ofL. longirostris cessory spines, directed gently downwards.
is disjunct, being known only from the East Pseudorostral spines very strong, directed
and South China Seas, as well as over 7500 laterally, reaching well beyond eyes (Fig.
km to the east in the Wallis and Futuna Is- 3a). Supraorbital margin sinuous, granulat-
lands. There are no other records. This, ed, inner part with very small slender spine.
however, may be due to inadequate sam- Basal part of eyestalk not distinctly dilated
pling, especially considering the depths in (Fig. 3a). Anterolateral margin with well
which this species occurs. The type speci- developed, obliquely directed long spine;
mens of L. longirostris were collected by surfaces of spine finely granular. Postero-
trawls from a depth of about 900-1100 m. lateral margin gently convex, finely granu-
&
Guinot Richer de Forges (1995:200) ob- lated, some granules sharp. Posterior mar-
tained their specimens of H. futuna {= La- gin of carapace distinctly concave (Fig. 3a).
moha futuna) from 1300 m. None of the Protogastric and epigastric regions with
specimens were recorded carrying any ob- scattered low granules, those on epigastric
ject although members of this genus are region especially sharp. Mesogastric region
known to carry sea anemones (Guinot et al. with distinct, long sharp spine. Branchial
1995). regions covered with numerous small gran-
ules. Subhepatic region with 1 large,
Genus Homologenus A. Milne-Edwards, obliquely directed spine; ventral surface
in Henderson, 1888 with oblique ridge armed with 4 or 5 small
— spines (Fig. 3a). Antennal spine long, di-
Type species. Homolopsis rostratus A.
rected obliquely, longer than subhepatic
Milne-Edwar—ds, 1880. spine. Pterygostomial and sub-branchial re-
Remarks. ^Nine species of Homologen-
gions covered with small granules. Gastro-
us are currently known, of which one oc-
cervical groove shallow but discernible
curs in the Indian Ocean and six are present
(Fig. 3a). Branchio-cardiac groove very
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in the Pacific (Guinot Richer de Forges
broad, shallow, hardly discernible. Linea
1995). Homologenus donghaiensis Chen,
homolica sinuous (Fig. 3a). Basal antennal
1986, is the seventh species known from article unarmed; peduncle with opening for
the Pacific.
gland directed inwards. Antennular pedun-
cle subglobular, with 3 spinules. Proepi-
Homologenus donghaiensis Chen, 1986 stome with low, subtruncate lamelliform
Fig. 3 tooth. Anterior edge of buccal cavity with
2 small spines. Outer surfaces ofthird max-
Homologenus donghaiensis Chen, 1986:
illiped covered with granules; merus elon-
227.
gate, unarmed; ischium subrectangular,
—
Material examined. Holotype male granules on outer margin larger; inner mar-
(11.0 by 10.3 mm). East China Sea, 900 m, gin of palp with several spinules; exopod
on soft mud, 3 Aug 1981 (lOCAS KY8B- slender, reaching to mid-point of outer mar-
71). — gin of merus, with long flagellum (Fig. 3f).
Description ofholotype male. Carapace PI (chelipeds) subequal, elongate, slen-
longitudinally subrectangular, regions well der; surfaces covered with numerous short.
VOLUME NUMBER
112, 4 765
Fig. 3. Homologenus donghaiensis Chen, 1986. Holotype male (11.0 by 10.3 mm) (lOCAS KY8B-71). a,
carapace (dorsal view); b, right cheliped (outer view); c, right chela (outer view); d, right P2; e, right P5; f. left
third maxilliped; g, abdomen; h, left male first pleopod (ventral view); i. left male second pleopod (dorsal view).
Scales equal 1.0 mm.
766 PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON
hooked setae which do not obscure margins Male first pleopod stout, distal part con-
(Fig. 3b). Coxa with inner distal margin dis- ical, gently curved (fig. 3h). Male second
tinctly expanded, armed with 2 small pleopod stout, short, distally cupped (Fig.
spines. Basis-ischium with 3 spines on ven- 3i). —
tral surface; 1 spine on dorsal surface. Inner Remarks. Homologenus donghaiensis
margin of merus with 5 or 6 sharp spines; belongs to a group of species which have a
outer margin with 5 spines; inner surface long rostrum, a strong gastric spine and the
granular or with scattered spines. Outer sur- dorsal margin ofthe ambulatory merus with
&
face of carpus with 2 distinct median spines a pronounced distal spine (Guinot Richer
and 1 long subdistal spine; inner surface de Forges 1995:470). Two species are cur-
with 3 evenly spaced spines; ventral surface rently known from this group, H. malay-
with 1 distal spine (Fig. 3b). Outer and in- ensis Me, 1912, and H. levii Guinot &
ner surfaces of palm with numerous gran- Richer de Forges, 1995.
ules; with 4 short spines on subventral sur- With regards to its unarmed ambulatory
face; dorsal margin with 1 small distal spine meri and long P5, H. donghaiensis is mor-
and 1 longer submedian spine. Fingers phologically most similar to H. malayensis
from Sulawesi, Ceram, Kei Islands, Phil-
elongate, cutting edges of both fingers
ippines and possibly Japan (Ihle 1912,
blade-like (Fig. 3b, c).
&
Surfaces of P2-P5 covered with numer- 1913; Guinot Richer de Forges 1995;
Nagai 1994). Homologenus donghaiensis,
ous short, hooked setae which do not ob-
scure margins (Fig. 3d, e). P2 and P3 lon- however, differs markedly from H. malay-
gest. Ventral surface of basis-ischium of P2 ensis in having proportionately much lon-
and P3 with 2 small spines (Fig. 3d). Dorsal ger first to third ambulatory meri (Fig. 3d)
margin of merus of P2-4 with 4 strong, (maximum length of P4 merus is ca. 33
times maximum width in H. donghaiensis;
posteriorly directed spines along proximal
half, distal half mostly unarmed except for 22 times in H. malayensis, cf. Ihle 1913:pl.
2, figs. 13-15). In addition, the P5 of H.
small subdistal spine and longer distal
donghaiensis (Fig. 3e) is proportionately
spine; proximalmost part of ventral margin
longer, with the merus, when articulated
with 2 spines with small subdistal spine
above the carapace, reaching to the base of
(Fig. 3d, e). Basis-ischium with small spine.
the gastric spine (vs. reaching to below the
Carpus unarmed (Fig. d, e). P5 slender,
anterolateral spine in H. malayensis, cf Ihle
when articulated forwards, distal edge of .
1913:pl. 2, figs. 13-15); and the distal part
merus reaching to gastric spine; merus and
of the male first pleopod is relatively stouter
carpus unarmed; propodus with a strong
(Fig. 3h) (vs. more slender in H. malayen-
knob on proximoventral margin which is sis, cf. Ihle 1913:fig. 31). The specimen fig-
tipped with large, slightly movable seta; ured by Nagai (1994:50, pi. 1, fig. 3) from
curved dactylus and propodus forming sub-
Kii Peninsula in Japan appears to be closer
chelate structure (Fig. 3e). to H. malayensis sensu stricto with regards
Abdomen covering entire thoracic ster- to its relatively shorter legs, although it
num; surface of segment 1 weakly granular; should be re-examined.
segment 2 with large, sharp median gran- The holotype specimen ofH. donghaien-
ule; surfaces of segments 3-4 with large, sis was trawled from some 900 m. The re-
sharp granule on side of each segment, rest lated H. malayensis has been recorded from
of surface with scattered low granules; seg- a depth range of 769-1190 m (Guinot &
ment 5 with 2 groups of submedian gran- Richer de Forges 1995).
ules; surfaces of segment 6 and telson al-
Acknowledgments
most smooth; telson subtriangular, lateral
margins sinuous, distal part concave and The present study was supported by a re-
proximal part convex (Fig. 3g). search grant (RP 910410) to the first author
—
VOLUME 112, NUMBER 4 767
—
from the university. The second author was Expedition. I. Dromiacea. Siboga Expeditie
partially supported by a grant from the Raf- Monographic 39b(71):l-96, figs. 1-38, pis. 1-4.
fles Museum during her tenure in Singa- InternatTihoinradlECdoidtieono.fAZdooolpotgeidcablyNtohmeenXcXlaGteunreer,al19A8s5-.
We
pore. are grateful to Daniele Guinot for sembly of the International Union ofBiological
MNHN
the loan of specimens. Thanks are Sciences. International Trust for Zoological No-
due to Ho Ping-Ho for generously passing menclature, in association with the British Mu-
us his Tungsha specimens for study as well seum (Natural History), London, 338 pp.
Milne-Edwards, A. 1880. Etudes preliminaires sur les
as the associated data and photographs.
Crustaces, lere Partie. Reports on the results of
dredging under the supervision of Alexander
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