FOCUS F O F O C - The World AgroMeteorological Information Service

68 Pages·2006·8.81 MB·English

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WMO Workshop ● February 13-16, 2006 1
version: 20011128
Snow Modeling and Observation at
the National
Operational Hydrologic Remote
Sensing Center
Dr. Tom Carroll
National Operational Hydrologic Remote Sensing Center
Office of Climate, Water, and Weather Services
National Weather Service, NOAA
U.S. Department of Commerce
Minneapolis, Minnesota
WMO Workshop ● February 13-16, 2006 2
NOHRSC Mission
• The NOHRSC provides near-real-time snow
information for the coterminous U.S. and Alaska for
the protection of life and property and the
enhancement of the national economy.
• NOHRSC airborne, satellite, and modeled snow data
and products are used by:
– NWS (RFCs, WFOs, NCEP)
– Other Federal, State, and Local Government Agencies
– Private Sector
– Public
to support operational and research hydrology
programs across the nation.
WMO Workshop ● February 13-16, 2006 3
Snow Economics
The Value of Snow and Snow Information Services
by
Richard Adams, Laurie Houston, and Rodney Weiher
In summary …
“… improved snow information and
services … have potential benefits
greater than $1.3 billion annually.”
“… investments that make only
modest improvements in snow
information will have substantial
economic payoffs.”
WMO Workshop ● February 13-16, 2006 4
National Integrated Drought
Information System
The Role of
Remote Sensing
WMO Workshop ● February 13-16, 2006 5
NOHRSC NWS Clients
NWRFC
NCRFC
NERFC
MBRFC
CNRFC
MARFC
NCEP
OHRFC
CBRFC
ABRFC
LMRFC SERFC
WGRFC
APRFC
13 NWS RFCs and NCEP
WMO Workshop ● February 13-16, 2006 6
National Snow Analyses (NSA)
Multi-sensor Snow Snow Modeling and Snow Information
Observations Data Assimilation Products
Numerical Weather Data Products
Ground
Prediction Model
Forcings Interactive
Maps
Gridded Snow
Airborne Characteristics
Time Series
Plots
U.S.
1-km2 Text
Satellite
Discussions
Hourly
WMO Workshop ● February 13-16, 2006 7
National Snow Analyses (NSA)
•• NNaattiioonnaall WWeeaatthheerr SSeerrvviiccee
Multi-sensor Snow
–– FFiirrsstt--oorrddeerr SSttaattiioonnss
Observations
–– CCooooppeerraattiivveess
•• FFeeddeerraall aanndd SSttaattee AAggeenncciieess
–– NNRRCCSS SSNNOOTTEELL aanndd SSnnooww CCoouurrsseess
–– UUSSAACCEE NNeeww EEnnggllaanndd DDiissttrriicctt SSnnooww SSuurrvveeyyss
Ground –– FFeeddeerraall AAvviiaattiioonn AAddmmiinniissttrraattiioonn
–– CCaalliiffoorrnniiaa DDeepptt.. ooff WWaatteerr RReessoouurrcceess
•• RReeggiioonnaall MMeessoonneettss
–– MMaaiinnee CCooooppeerraattiivvee SSnnooww SSuurrvveeyy
–– PPAA,, OOKK,, IIAA,, NNDD,, NNCC SSttaattee MMeessoonneettss
Airborne –– MMEESSOOWWEESSTT ((115500 ssmmaalllleerr mmeessoonneettss))
•• IInntteerrnnaattiioonnaall AAggeenncciieess
–– SStt.. JJoohhnn RRiivveerr BBaassiinn
–– EEnnvviirroonnmmeenntt CCaannaaddaa
–– BBCC HHyyddrroo
Satellite
5500,,000000++ ssttaattiioonnss iinn ddaattaabbaassee
2255,,000000++ aaccttiivveellyy rreeppoorrttiinngg ssttaattiioonnss
1100,,000000++ uunniiqquuee ssttaattiioonnss rreeppoorrttiinngg ssnnooww oobbsseerrvvaattiioonnss
WMO Workshop ● February 13-16, 2006 8
Ground-Based Snow Observations
BC Hydro NWS
SNOTEL COOP
NRCS
OBS
SNOTEL
& Snow
Course
CDWR
SNOTEL Federal,
state, &
Over 25,000 private
sources
reporting
stations
Snow Water Equivalent and
Snow Depth
WMO Workshop ● February 13-16, 2006 9
National Snow Analyses (NSA)
Multi-sensor Snow
Observations NWS Airborne Snow Survey Program
Ground
Airborne
•• SSnnooww WWaatteerr EEqquuiivvaalleenntt MMeeaassuurreemmeenntt
–– AAtttteennuuaattiioonn ooff nnaattuurraall tteerrrreessttrriiaall ggaammmmaa
Satellite rraaddiiaattiioonn bbyy wwaatteerr iinn ssnnooww
WMO Workshop ● February 13-16, 2006 10