effect of aerobic exercises and yogic practices on selected physiological, haematological and ...

179 Pages·2012·8.14 MB·English

EFFECT OF AEROBIC EXERCISES AND YOGIC
PRACTICES ON SELECTED PHYSIOLOGICAL,
HAEMATOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL
PARAMETERS AMONG THE
MIDDLE AGED MEN

A Thesis Submitted to the Pondicherry University in Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree of

DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN
PHYSICAL EDUCATION

By
B.SIVAKUMAR

Research supervisor
Dr.D.SULTANA

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORTS
PONDICHERRY UNIVERSITY
PUDUCHERRY
INDIA

May 2010
Dr. D. SULTANA,
Reader,
Department of Physical Education and Sports,
Pondicherry University,
Pondicherry- 605 014
India.

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the thesis entitled “EFFECT OF AEROBIC
EXERCISES AND YOGIC PRACTICES ON SELECTED
PHYSIOLOGICAL, HAEMATOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL
PARAMETERS AMONG THE MIDDLE AGED MEN” is a record of
research work done by Mr. B.SIVAKUMAR, during the period of his study
under my guidance and that the thesis has not previously been formed on the
basis for the award of any degree, diploma, associateship, fellowship or any
other similar title.
This is also to certify that the thesis represents the independent work of
the candidate.

Place: Pondicherry (Dr. D. SULTANA)
Date: Research supervisor
B. SIVAKUMAR
Physical Education Teacher
T.P.G.G.H.S.S, Ariyankuppam,
Puducherry - 605 004.
India.

DECLARATION

I here by declare that the research works entitled, “EFFECT OF
AEROBIC EXERCISES AND YOGIC PRACTICES ON SELECTED
PHYSIOLOGICAL, HAEMATOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL
PARAMETERS AMONG THE MIDDLE AGED MEN” being submitted
through the Department of Physical Education and Sports , Pondicherry
University , Puducherry, India in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the
degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Physical Education under the guidance and
supervision of Dr. D.Sultana, Reader, Department of Physical Education and
Sports, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India is an original piece of
research work done by me and that the thesis has not previously been formed
the basis for the award of any degree, diploma, associateship, fellowship or
any other similar title.

(B.SIVAKUMAR)

Place: Puducherry
Date:

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First of all I thank God Almighty for giving me the knowledge and
wisdom for taking up this study.
I express my profound gratitude and sincere thanks to my inspiring
guide Dr.D.Sultana, Reader, Pondicherry University, Puducherry for her
scholarly guidance and advice, valuable suggestions and supervision, needed
encouragement and above all for being patient with me throughout the study.
I would like to extend my gratitude to Dr.N.Govindarajulu, Head of
the Department, and Dr. P.K. Subramaniam, Reader, Department of Physical
Education and Sports, Pondicherry University, Puducherry for his support and
encouragement for the completion of the thesis.
I would like to express my sincere thanks to Dr.S. Pannirselvame,
Professor, Department of French, Pondicherry University, Puducherry for his
help rendered towards the successful completion of the study.
I acknowledge with thanks the help rendered by Dr.G.Ravindran,
Professor, Annamalai University, Dr.M.Elango, Head of the Department,
Department of Physical Education, MDT Hindu College, Tirunelveli and
Thiru. B. Selvam, Sr. Lecturer Department of Mathematics, Bharathidassan
College for Women, Puducherry, in computing the statistics.
I extend my gratitude to Thiru. V. Meibalan, Deputy Librarian,
Pondicherry University, Puducherry for his valuable suggestions and
references from the Library for the Completion of the thesis.
I extend my sincere thanks to Thiru. B. Ramesh, Sr. Lecturer, Rajiv
Gandhi College of Engineering and technology for help and support rendered
for the whole study.
This thesis would not have been a success if my better half
Mrs. Sivashanthi,TGT, had not shown love and affection all through these
years.
I must acknowledge the help and guidance of Dr.T. Santhamoorthy,
Senior Resident, JIPMER, Puducherry.
I extend my hearty thanks to Mr. Ram Mohan Singh, Physical
Director, Rajiv Gandhi Government Arts College, Thavalakuppam,
Puducherry, for his help and support rendered for the whole study.
I extend my sincere thanks to Mr. R.Muthuselvam, Physical
Education Teacher, Calve College Government French High School,
Puducherry, and Mr.V. Rajendiran, Physical Education Teacher,
Government High School, Thengaithittu, Puducherry for their help in the
collection of data.
I am pleased to acknowledge Mr.T.Chandrasekar a Trained Graduate
Teacher (English), and Mr. Richard A. Perthus, Trained Graduate Teacher
(English) of TPGGHSS, Ariyankuppam, and Puducherry in perfecting the
language aspect of this thesis.
I extend my heartfelt thanks to Mr. R. Ronald Mahimai Doss,
Computer Instructor, of Thanthai Periyar Government Girls Higher Secondary
School, Ariyankuppam, Puducherry, for his Data entry work and the Staff
members of Thanthai Periyar Government Girls Higher Secondary School,
Ariyankuppam, Puducherry their support and encouragement for the successful
completion of the thesis.
Last but not the least; the researcher sincerely extends his profound
gratefulness to the teachers who acted as subjects in the test and training with
enthusiasm.

B.Sivakumar
VITAE

Name of the Investigator : B.SIVAKUMAR

Place of Birth : Pondicherry.

Date of Birth : 12.04. 1971

Schools and colleges attended

 Petit Seminaire Higher Secondary school, Puducherry.
 Government Higher Secondary School, Thavalakuppam , Puducherry.
 Pondicherry University, Puducherry.
 Annamalai University,Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu.

Degrees Awarded

 Bachelor of Science (1993), Pondicherry University, Puducherry.
 Master of Physical Education and Sports (1995), Pondicherry
University, Puducherry.
 Master of Philosophy (2004), Annamalai University, Chdiambaram,
Tamil Nadu.

Professional Experience

 Physical Training Instructor, The Laidlaw Memorial School and Junior
college, Ketti, Nilgris.
 Physical Education Teacher, Government High School,
Arumbarthapuram, Puducherry.
 Physical Education Teacher, TPGGHSS, Ariyankuppam, Puducherry.

Achievements in Games and Sports

 Represented the Pondicherry University Cricket Men Team in inter
university from the year 1991- 1995.
 Represented the Pondicherry University Cricket Men Team as a
CAPTAIN during the year 1994-1995.
 Represented the Pondicherry University Team ones in Badminton in
inter university competitions, Chennai, 1992-1993.
 Represented Pondicherry University for Youth Festival held at Calicut
in the year 1993 -1994.
 Represented as a cricket coach for Puducherry state schools team for
National School Games Championships -2000 and 2006.

Awards

 Best Batsman Award in the Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Cup conducted by
Nehru Yua Kendra, Pondicherry in the year 1994.
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

LIST OF TABLES i

LIST OF FIGURES iii

Chapter

I INTRODUCTION 1

Fitness
Physical fitness
Meaning of yoga
Physiological views of yoga
Benefits of yoga
Recent Development in yoga
Aerobic exercises
Meaning of aerobic exercises
Aerobic is an excellent physical activity
Benefits of aerobics
Physiological changes on aerobics
Recent development in aerobics
Yoga and aerobic exercises
Importance of dependent variables
Statement of the problem
Hypothesis
Delimitations
Limitations
Definition of the terms
Significance of the study

II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 22

III METHODOLOGY 56

Selection of subjects
Experimental design
Selection of criterion variables
Criterion measures
Reliability of instruments
Reliability of data and tester competency
Orientation to the subjects
Pilot study
Training programme
Aerobic exercise training programme
Details of yogic practices
Method of data collection
Administration of Tests
Experimental Design and statistical procedure

IV ANALYSIS OF THE DATA AND
INTERPRETATION OF THE STUDY 92

Analysis of Data
Level of significance
Discussion on the Findings
Discussion on Hypothesis

V SUMMARY CONCLUSIONS AND 137
RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary
Conclusions
Recommendations

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Books 141
Journals
Unpublished Thesis

APPENDICES 153