Table Of ContentBerlitz
Dictionary
Japanese-English
English-Japanese
Berlitz Publishing
Union. NJ Munich Singapore
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Originaleditionedited bytheLangenscheidtEditorialStaff
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Preface
Here isanewdictionaryofEnglishandJapanese, atool with some
40,000 references for those who work with the English and
Japanese languages atbeginner's orintermediatelevel.
Focusing on modern usage, the dictionary offers coverage of
everyday language, including vocabulary from areas such as
computersandbusiness.
The Japanese in this dictionary is written both in Japanese
characters and in aromanized pronunciation system- a modified
version ofthe standard Hepburn.
The two sides of this dictionary, the English-Japanese and the
Japanese-English, arequite differentin structure andpurpose. The
English-Japanese is designed for productive usage, for self-
expression in Japanese. The Japanese-English, which can also be
accessed through the Joyo Kanji index, is adecoding dictionary, a
dictionary to enable the native speaker ofEnglish to understand
Japanese.
Clarity ofpresentation has been a majorobjective. The editors of
this bookhave setout to provide the means toenable you, the user
of the dictionary, to get straight to the translation that fits a
particular context of use. Is the mouse you need for your
computer, for example, the same in Japanese as the mouse you
don't want in the house? Isflimsyreferring tofurniture the same in
Japanese asflimsy referring to an excuse? The English-Japanese
dictionary is rich in sense distinctions like this and in translation
options tied to specific, identified senses.
Grammatical orfunction words are treated in some detail, on both
the English-Japanese and the Japanese-English sides. And a large
number of idiomatic phrases are given to show how the two
languages correspond in context.
All in all, this is a book full ofinformation, which will, we hope,
become a valuable part ofyour language toolkit.
Contents
How
to use the dictionary 5
Pronunciation ofJapanese 9
Abbreviations 10
Joyo Kanji 11
Hiragana and KatakanaTable 31
Japanese-English 33
English-Japanese 287
Numbers and Dates 672
How to use the dictionary
Togetthemostoutofyourdictionaryyoushouldunderstandhowandwhere
tofindtheinformationyouneed.Whetheryouareyourselfwritingatextin
JapaneseorwantingtounderstandatextwritteninJapanese,thefollowing
pagesshouldhelp.
1. How and where do I find a word?
1.1 English headwords.TheEnglishwordlistisarrangedinalphabetical
order.
Sometimesyoumightwanttolookuptermsmadeupoftwoseparate
words,forexampleantivirusprogram,orhyphenatedwords,forexample
absent-mlndea. rhesewordsaretreatedasthoughtheywereasingle
wordandtheiralphabeticalorderingreflectsthis.Compoundwordslike
bookseller,bookstall,bookstorearealsolistedinalphabeticalorder.
TheonlyexceptiontothisstrictalphabeticalorderingismadeforEnglish
phrasalverbs-wordslike gooff, goout, goup.Thesearepositioned
directlyaftertheirmainverb(inthiscasego),ratherthanbeingscattered
arounain alphabeticalpositions.
1.2 Japanese headwords. TheJapanesewordlistisarrangedinEnglish
alphabeticalorderbybeingsortedontheromanizationsystemorromaji.
Soifyouknowhowaworaispronounced,orhowitiswritteninromaji,
youcanlookitupstraightforwardly.
If,however,you are decodingaJapanese character,and have no idea
howitispronouncedorwritteninromaji,thenyoucanmakeuseofone
ofthethreeindexesofJapanesecharacters.Theseindexesareonpages
11-32.
1.3 Runningheads
Ifyou are looking for an English oraJapanese word youcan use the
runningheadsprintedinboldinthetopcomerofeachpage.Therunning
headonthelefttellsyouthefirstheadwordontheleft-handpageandthe
oneon the righttellsyouthelastheadwordon theright-handpage.
2. Swung dashes
2.1 A swungdash (~) replacesthe entire headwordwhen the headwordis
repeatedwithin an entry:
slyzurui on the - kossori to
Hereonthe~meansonthesly.
2.2 Whenaheadwordchangesforminanentry,forexampleifitisputinthe
past tenseorin the plural,then thepasttenseorpluralendingisadded
totheswungdash-butonlyiftherestoftheworddoesn'tchange:
;
fluster v/imenkurawaseru > get~edurotaeru
Bui:
horrify: /washorrified/.ottoshimashita
11 1
2.3 Headwordsmadeupoftwo,orsometimesthree,wordsarereplacedby
asingle swungdash:
hold on v// (wait)matsu TELECkiranaide matsu
now-aminute!chottomatte
come in on>adealkeiyakunisankasuru
3. What do the different typefaces mean?
3.1 All Japanese and English headwords and the Arabic numerals dif-
.
ferentiatingEnglishpartsofspeechappearinbold:
alcoholic n arukoru-chadoku-kanja 2^/'
arukoru-iri (no)
3.2 italicsare usedfor
a) abbreviatedgrammatical labels:adj,aav, vli, vltetc
b)alltheindicatingwordswhicharethesignpostspointingtothecorrect
translationforyourneeds
c) explanations
mailbox {instreet) posuto {ofhouse) yubin'uke
COMPUTmerubokkusu
Thai adjTai (no) () 2n {person) Tai-jin {language)
Tai-go
serve n {intennis) sabu 2 v…ltfood, mealdasu
customerinshop ...noyo…oukagau oaz 5country,
thepeople... nitsukaeru
ashi leg {oftableetc)
atashi I {usedmainlybywomen)
'
na (formsadjectives): () okt/ y6 (na) cowardly
3.3 Allphrases(examplesandidioms)aregiveninsecondarybolditalics:
sonshitsu loss; sonshitsuodasumake aloss
linguist (professional)gengo-gakusha &' she'sagood-
kanojowagaikokugogajozuda ( f T
3.4 Thenormaltvpefaceisusedforthe translations.
3.5 Ifa translation isgiven in italics, and not in the normal typeface, this
meansthatthetrans-lationismoreofanexplanationintheotherlanguage
and that an explanation has to be given because there is no real
equivalent:
banker's card chekku kado, kogitteotsukaii tokinihiisuvo kikio
tanshinfunin livin};awayfrom one'sfamilyafterajob
transfer
1 1
4. What do the various symbols and abbreviations tell
you?
4.1 A solidblack lozenge isusedtoidentifyaphrasal…verb:
auctionoff...okyobainikaketeshobunsuru
4.2 A white lozenge is used to divide up longer entries into more easily
digestedchunksofrelatedbitsoftext:
a an (notranslation):acatneko anappleringo (with
countword):apencilandaneraserenpitsuippontokeshigomu
ikko$' fivemenanda0wo$ma5n0go-ninno
otokotohitorinoonna 3'€^
ikkaigojudoru oncea weekisshukan ni ikkai
It is also used,in the Japanese-English dictionary,to split different
translationswhenthe partofspeechofeachtranslationisdifferent:
iraira suru frustrating; nerve-racking getworked up
kaibatsu altitude;elevation abovesea level
4.3 TheabbreviationFtellsyouthatthewordorphraseisusedcolloquially
ratherthan in formal contexts. The abbreviationV warnsyouthat a
wordorphraseisvulgarortaboo. Becarefulhowyouusethesewords.
TheabbreviationHmeansthatthewordisusedtomakeyourselfhumble
before thepersonyouare speakingto.
4.4 AcolonbeforeanEnglishorJapanesewordorphrasemeansthatusage
isrestricted tothisspecificexample (at leastasfarasthisdictionary's
choice ofvocabulary isconcerned):
accord:ofone'sown -jihatsuteki ni
shidai: ana shidaidesuit'suptoyou
4.5 ThelettersXandYareusedtoindicateinsertionpointsforotherwords
ifyouare buildingacomplete sentence inJapanese,forexample:
get away v/i(leave) tachisaru 2 vlt:getXawayfrom
YY kara XotoriageruY X
sh…oestring:doXona - shogaku-shikindeXsuru X
Suspensionpoints(...)are use…dinasimilarway:
below prep … noshita ni {inamount, rate, level) ... ikani
5. Does the dictionary deal with grammar too?
5.1 All Englishheadwordsaregivenapartofspeechlabel,unless,innormal
modern English,theheadwordisonlyusedasonepartofspeechandso
noconfusion orambigu"ity ispossible. In thesecasesnopartofspeech
label is needed.
abolish haishisuru f
lastly saigo ni iti
1
8
But:
gloryn eiko (n given bec(ause 'glory' could be averb)
owni v/tshoyu suru given because 'own' is also an
adjective)
5.2 Japanese headwords are not given part ofspeech labels.Where their
Englishtranslationscanbeofmorethanonepartofspeech,thenthese
areseparatedbyawhitelozenge.Forexample:
kotonaru differ dissimilar
'
mj maefront before;ago
5.3 WhereaJapanesewordhasagrammaticalfunction,thisisillustrated:
-na (forms negative imperative): wasiyreru-zia don't
…
forget (foremphasis): kireidanait'sbeautiful,…isn'tit!
ka (questionparticle) /•/•desukaisitOK?0:
… ka ... ka either ... or...
5.4 Objectparticles
Objectparticlessuch as 'no' and 'ni are includedwith translationsof
transitiveverbsintheEnglish-Japanesehalfofthedictionary.Ifanobject
particleisnotgiven,thenyo/ucanassumethatthecorrectparticletouse
is 'o. … /
win 2vlt...nikatsu ry,wowe ateru
Inphrasalverbstheobjectparticleisalway…sgiven.
liveon v/trice,bread...otabeteikiru
6. (no) and (na):
WheretheJapanesetranslationofanadjectiveisgivenwith(no)or(na)
the general rule is thatthe 'no' or 'na, isonlyusedifthe adjective is
placedbeforeitsnoun:
quiet shizuka (na) ()
a quietroom shizuka na heya
theroom wasquietheyawashizukadeshita
{
flowerypattern hanamoyo (no) ()
flowerydress hanamoyo nodoresu
thedressisflowerydoresuwahanamoyodesu
7. Verbs of activity and verbs of being
Thetranslationofsomebasicprepositions(orpostpositionsinJapanese)
dependsonthetypeofverbusedwiththepreposition.Verbsofactivity
areverbs like:work, run,eat,verbsofbeingareverbslike: live,be.
/usedtoworkin Tokyowatashi waTokyodc halaraite imashita
'
doeshestilllivein Tokyo? kare wa mada kv(—)ni sunde imasu ka
V '
ili fl:
