Art, Sex and Eugenics: Corpus Delecti

317 Pages·2008·50.051 MB·English

by  Fae Brauer, Anthea Callen (eds.)

art, sex and eugenics
corpus delecti
Left: Apollo Belvedere, original attributed to Greek sculptor, Leochares, bronze, c. 350 bc;
Roman copy, marble, discovered 1489; installed Cortile del Belvedere, 1511; Vatican
Museums, Vatican City, Rome; photographed by Fae Brauer.
Right: Arthur A. Stuart, ‘Someday We’ll Look Like This’,
Popular Science Monthly, 1929 (refer Chapter 8)
Art, Sex and Eugenics
Corpus Delecti
Edited by Fae Brauer and Anthea Callen
Routledge
Taylor & Francis Group
LONDON AND NEW YORK
First published 2 0 0 8 by Ashgate Publishing
Published 2016 by Routledge
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Copyright © Fae Brauer and Anthea Callen 2008
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and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to
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Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as the editors of this work.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Art, sex and eugenics : corpus delecti
1. Body image in art 2. Human beings in art 3. Sex in art
4. Art and society 5. Eugenics
I. Brauer, Fae II. Callen, Anthea
7 04.9’42

Li brary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Br au er, Fae.
Art, sex and eugenics : corpus delecti / Fae Brauer and Anthea Callen.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN 978-0-7546-5827-6 (hardcover : alk. paper)
1. Human beings in art. 2. Sex in art. 3. Art and society. 4. Body, Human--
Social aspects. 5. Eugenics. I. Callen, Anthea. II. Title.
N7625.5.B73 2008
701’.03--dc22
2008017007
ISBN: 9780754658276 (hbk)
Contents
List of Illustrations vii
List of Contributors xiii
Acknowledgements xvii
Introduction
Making Eugenic Bodies Delectable: Art, ‘Biopower’
and ‘Scientia Sexualis’ 1
Fae Brauer
1 Improper Moves: Maori Haka and Racial Destiny 35
Roger Blackley
2 The Art of Scientific Propaganda 65
Shawn Michelle Smith
3 Eroticizing Lamarckian Eugenics: The Body Stripped Bare
during French Sexual Neoregulation 97
Fae Brauer
4 Man or Machine: Ideals of the Labouring Male Body and the
Aesthetics of Industrial Production in Early
Twentieth-century Europe 139
Anthea Callen
5 ‘Desiring Skin’: Eugenics, Trauma and Acting Out of
Masculinities in British Inter-war Visual Culture 163
Gabriel Koureas
6 ‘The Proper Peep’: Conflicting Female Ideals under
German National Socialism 189
Lorettann Gascard
vi art, sex and eugenics
7 Bolshevism and ‘Sexual Revolution’: Visualizing
New Soviet Woman as the Eugenic Ideal 209
Pat Simpson
8 Future Perfect? The Elusive ‘Ideal Type’ 239
Christina Cogdell
Bibliography 273
Index 289
List of Illustrations
Frontispiece (Left) Apollo Belvedere, of Rex Nan Kivell collection, National
original attributed to Greek sculptor, Library of Australia, Canberra.
Leochares, bronze, c. 350 bc; Roman
1.5 After John Williams, The war dance,
copy, marble, discovered 1489;
wood-engraving, frontispiece in A.S.
installed Cortile del Belvedere, 1511;
Thomson, The Story of New Zealand: Past
Vatican Museums, Vatican City, Rome;
and Present – Savage and Civilized, Vol. 1
photographed by Fae Brauer. (Right)
(London, 1859); courtesy of Alexander
Arthur A. Stuart, ‘Someday We’ll Look
Turnbull Library, Wellington.
Like This’, Popular Science Monthly, 1929
(refer Chapter 8) 1.6 B. Snowdon, Sir Apirana Ngata
leads the haka at the opening of the meeting
house at Waitangi, photograph, 1940;
1 Improper Moves: Maori Haka and courtesy of Alexander Turnbull Library,
Racial Destiny Wellington.
1.1 A Maori haka, or posture dance, 1.7 Andrew Cornaga, ‘The All Blacks
photograph, 1906–07, in Elsdon Best, perform the throat-slitting Kapa o
The Maori as He Was (Wellington, 1924), Pango before last night’s Bledisloe Cup
figure 44; courtesy of the author. test against Australia at Jade Stadium
in Christchurch’; front-page colour
1.2 Denis-Auguste-Marie Raffet, after
photograph, ‘So who’s a girlie now?’,
Louis-Auguste de Sainson, Baie Houa
Sunday Star-Times (9 July 2006); courtesy
Houa: Naturels exécutant une danse à
of Photosport.
bord de l’Astrolabe, lithograph, 1833;
courtesy of Alexander Turnbull Library,
Wellington. 2  The Art of Scientific Propaganda
1.3 J. Stewart, after Augustus Earle, 2.1 W.E.B. Du Bois, Types of American
A dance of New Zealanders, aquatint, Negroes, Georgia, U.S.A. (1900), Vol. 1,
1832; courtesy of Alexander Turnbull No. 1; courtesy of the Daniel Murray
Library, Wellington. Collection, Library of Congress.
1.4 Augustus Earle, A New Zealander 2.2 W.E.B. Du Bois, Types of American
dancer, watercolour, 1827–28; courtesy Negroes, Georgia, U.S.A. (1900), Vol. 1,
viii art, sex and eugenics
No. 2; courtesy of the Daniel Murray 2.10 Thomas E. Askew, photograph;
Collection, Library of Congress. W.E.B. Du Bois, Types of American
Negroes, Georgia, U.S.A. (1900), Vol. 1,
2.3 Francis Galton, ‘Standard
No. 66; courtesy of the Daniel Murray
Photograph’, c. 1890–93, reproduced
Collection, Library of Congress.
from Karl Pearson, The Life, Letters
and Labours of Francis Galton, Vol. 2, 2.11 Thomas E. Askew, photograph;
Researches of Middle Life (Cambridge, W.E.B. Du Bois, Types of American
1924). Negroes, Georgia, U.S.A. (1900), Vol. 1,
No. 42; courtesy of the Daniel Murray
2.4 Francis Galton, ‘Composite
Collection, Library of Congress.
Portraits’: ‘The Jewish Type’, c. 1890,
reproduced from Karl Pearson, The Life, 2.12 Thomas E. Askew, The Summit
Letters and Labours of Francis Galton, Vol. Avenue Ensemble, photograph; W.E.B. Du
2, Researches of Middle Life (Cambridge, Bois, Negro Life in Georgia, U.S.A. (1900),
1924). No. 356; courtesy of the Daniel Murray
Collection, Library of Congress.
2.5 Portraits of young African American
men and women, photographs, c. 1900.
Reproduced from W.E.B. Du Bois (ed.), 3 Eroticizing Lamarckian Eugenics:
The Health and Physique of the Negro The Body Stripped Bare during French
American (Atlanta: Atlanta University Sexual Neoregulation
Press, 1906).
3.1 Lucien Métivet, La censure et le
2.6 Bazoline Estelle Usher, Atlanta nu (The Censor and the Nude), coloured
University student, photograph, in lithograph cartoon, Le Rire, 371 (14
W.E.B. Du Bois, Types of American December 1901); courtesy of Bibliothèque
Negroes, Georgia, U.S.A. (1900), Vol. 1, Forney, Paris.
No. 6; courtesy of the Daniel Murray
3.2 H. Avelot, Pédagogie Intensive
Collection, Library of Congress.
(Intensive Instruction), coloured
2.7 W.E.B. Du Bois, Types of American lithograph cartoon, Le Rire, 400
Negroes, Georgia, U.S.A. (1900), Vol. 2, (10 September 1910); courtesy of
No. 144; courtesy of the Daniel Murray Bibliothèque Forney, Paris.
Collection, Library of Congress.
3.3 Solange Bernot, La femme de la beauté
2.8 Thomas E. Askew, Henry Hugh des seins (Woman of Healthy Beauty), black
Proctor, Minister, First Congregational ink diagram, La Culture Physique, 158 (1
Church, Atlanta, Georgia, photograph; August 1911); courtesy of the Wellcome
W.E.B. Du Bois, Types of American Library, London.
Negroes, Georgia, U.S.A. (1900), Vol. 1,
3.4 Delphin Enjolras, Intimité (Privacy),
No. 62; courtesy of the Daniel Murray oil and pastel on paper, mounted on
Collection, Library of Congress. canvas, 1911; exhibited 1911, Salon
des Artistes Français, Grand Palais,
2.9 Thomas E. Askew, Mamie
Paris; courtesy of Musée d’Orsay
Westmoreland, Schoolteacher, photograph;
Documentation, Paris.
W.E.B. Du Bois, Types of American
Negroes, Georgia, U.S.A. (1900), Vol. 1, 3.5 Photograph (attributed to Edmond
No. 79; courtesy of the Daniel Murray Desbonnet), Lindinger and Maurice
Collection, Library of Congress. Deriaz, ‘Vainqueurs de Tournoi
List of Illustrations ix
athlétique de Munich’, La Culture 4.2 Proportions du Gladiateur (Gladiator’s
Physique, 41 (15 September 1906): cover; Proportions), Dessein, plate XXXVIII,
courtesy of the Wellcome Library, in Denis Diderot and Jean le Rond
London. d’Alembert (eds), Encyclopédie (Geneva
[Paris and Neufchastel]), 1754–72, Vol.
3.6 Photograph (attributed to Edmond
20, Recueil de planches, sur les sciences, les
Desbonnet), Adrien Deriaz, posed as
arts libéraux, et les arts mécaniques, avec
the sculpture of Perseus with the Head of
leur explication (1772).
Medusa by Antonio Canova (Vatican);
‘Le 2e Prix de notre Concours de Beauté 4.3 Ecole de médicine de Paris. – Un
Plastique, Adrien Deriaz. Hauteur, 1 examen dans la salle des instruments
m.73. Cet athlète rappelle par ses formes (Paris School of Medicine – An exam in
parfaites le “Persée” du Vatican, par the Instruments Room) (with Apollo
Canova’, La Culture Physique (14 June Belvedere cast), lithograph, in Edmond
1905): 87; courtesy of the Wellcome Texier, Tableau de Paris, vol. 2 (Paris,
Library, London. 1853); courtesy of Bibliothèque Nationale
de France Estampes, Paris.
3.7 Gustave Courtois, Hercule aux pieds
d’Omphale (Hercules at the feet of Omphale), 4.4 John H. Lamprey, Chinese Male,
oil on canvas, exhibited 1910, Salon photograph, c. 1868–69; courtesy of
National des Beaux-Arts, Grand Palais, Royal Anthropological Institute, London.
Paris; courtesy of Réunion des Musées
4.5 Jean-Baptiste Salvage, Anatomie du
Nationaux Agence Photographique,
gladiateur combattant (Anatomy of Fighting
Paris.
Gladiator), ink on paper, 1812; courtesy of
3.8 Gustave Courtois, Perseus délivrant Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Paris.
Andromède (Perseus freeing Andromeda),
4.6 Emile Bayard, ‘Male model’,
oil on canvas, exhibited 1912, Salon
Le Nu esthétique (The Aesthetic Nude),
National des Beaux-Arts, Grand Palais,
photograph, 1905; courtesy of
Paris; courtesy of Réunion des Musées
Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Paris.
Nationaux Agence Photographique, Paris.
4.7 Nicolas Toussaint Charlet, Le
3.9 Georges Leroux, Bords de Tibre
Beau Bras! C’est comme l’antique!
(On the banks of the Tiber), oil on canvas,
(What a beautiful arm ! It’s like the
Number 1126, Salle XXXVIII, 1909, Salon
Antique), lithograph, 1823; courtesy of
des Artistes Français; Grand Palais, Paris;
Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Paris.
retitled Balnéaire-Les Baigneurs du Tibre;
courtesy of Musée départemental de 4.8 Jean-François Millet, Sower, oil on
l’Oise, Beauvais. canvas, 101 × 82.5 cm, 1850; courtesy of
the Museum of Fine Art, Boston.
4 Man or Machine: Ideals of the 4.9 Albert Londe and Paul
Labouring Male Body and the Richer, Single-handed hammer,
Aesthetics of Industrial Production in chronophotograph, c. 1892; from the
Early Twentieth-century Europe author’s collection.
4.1 Jean-François Millet, The Peasant 4.10 Jean-François Millet, Man with a
Family, unfinished oil on canvas, Hoe, oil on canvas, 80 × 99 cm, 1860–62;
110.4 × 81 cm, 1871–72; courtesy of courtesy of the J. Paul Getty Museum,
National Museum of Wales, Cardiff. Los Angeles.